http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/12904 2026-02-25T16:47:03Z 2026-02-25T16:47:03Z Nasira, Khatoon Rubab, Malik Aly, Khan Shahid, Shaukat, S S, Saifi, Z Adnan, Khan http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13829 2022-10-28T04:35:12Z 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Incidence of malaria in the population of Korangi creek area, Karachi, Pakistan. Authors: Nasira, Khatoon; Rubab, Malik; Aly, Khan; Shahid, Shaukat, S; S, Saifi, Z; Adnan, Khan Abstract: Parasites lives on host organism with some or complete metabolic dependence on it, while the haemoparasites inhabit and nourished from blood cells of the host. The current investigation evaluated to raise awareness of blood parasite (Plasmodium spp.) infection in Korangi creek, Karachi, population and to know as to which Plasmodium species was most prevalent. One year data was collected from different hospitals and laboratories of the Korangi creek area, blood slides were prepared under the microscope. Four hundred and eighty one infected slides with Plasmodium were observed amongst them 396 (82.32 percent) had P. vivax and 85 (17.67 percent) had P. falciparum infection. The rate of infection did not vary with gender but had a signification association with age. Highest incidence was recorded in age group 16-40 years for both P. vivax and P. falciparum followed by age group 1-15 years in P. vivax and age group 41-60 years for P. falciparum. It was suggested that protective measures are required to overcome disease that include covering arms and legs, using repellents mosquito nets along with proper dispensing and appropriate treatment.

2018-11-01T00:00:00Z Naveed, Safila Dilshad, Huma Urooj, Sheeba http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13828 2022-10-28T04:26:24Z 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A comparative study of loratidine physiochemical properties from different brands Authors: Naveed, Safila; Dilshad, Huma; Urooj, Sheeba Abstract: Loratidine is a piperidine derivative resemble to azatadine long acting non sedating commonly used for the treatment of allergic condition like watery or itchy eyes, runny nose, chronic urticaria or throat itching. In the present study different brands of loratidine were evaluated for the weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution. Dissolution release study performed by using paddle method (USP 2) in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl at 50 rpm. The physicochemical of loratidine did not give any variation. By this study we conclude that all parameter for physicochemical properties like weight variation, hardness of tablets, friability, their disintegration time and the dissolution release study for all the brands of loratidine that are available in Karachi meet the British pharmacopoeia (BP) and United State pharmacopoeia (USP) specification for quality control analysis.Weight variation, hardness and friability value requirement was complied by all brands .Disintegration time for all brands was less than 15 minutes complying the BP/USP recommendation. All brands showed more than 80 % drug release within 45 minutes. The present findings suggest that almost all the brands of loratidine meet the BP/USP specification for QC analysis.

2018-11-01T00:00:00Z Farhan, Muhammad Haleem, D. J. http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13827 2022-10-28T04:17:04Z 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Attenuation of apomorphine induced behavioral sensitization in rats pre-treated with tryptophan. Authors: Farhan, Muhammad; Haleem, D. J. Abstract: Psychostimulants substances, some of which are abused by humans, are generally believed to produce sensitization effects when they are repeatedly administered to animals. Apomorphine, a non-narcotic derivative of morphine, having agonistic property for dopamine in order to produce psycho stimulant-like effects. Meanwhile, chronic administration leads to behavioral sensitization. Therefore, present study destine to produce desensitization in animals by the repeated administration of tryptophan (100 mg/kg), thereafter treated with apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) to observe the intensity of sensitization in rats pre-treated with tryptophan. Apomorphine on acute administration known to increase motor activity whereas repeated treatment of apomorphine initiates the sensitization of motor behavior. It is expected that the intensity of apomorphine induced sensitization would be affected in tryptophan-treated rats. Present study provide the clear-cut evidence that chronic treatment of apomorphine arouses the motor behavior of animals in both novel and anxiolytic model over the saline treated animals, whereas hypo locomotive behavior was seen in animals pre-treated with tryptophan, provides the evidence that preliminary treatment of tryptophan perturbs the apomorphine induced sensitization in animals. The discoveries present an inventive methodology for amplifying the remedial utilization of apomorphine and traditional psychostimulants.

2018-11-01T00:00:00Z Matin, Abdul Nawaz, Salik Jung, Suk-Yul http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13826 2022-10-28T04:10:06Z 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Effect of macrophage alone or primed with cytokines on Balamuthia mandrillaris interactions with human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro Authors: Matin, Abdul; Nawaz, Salik; Jung, Suk-Yul Abstract: Balamuthia mandrillaris is well known to cause fatal Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis (BAE). Amoebic transmission into the central nervous system (CNS), haematogenous spread is thought to be the prime step, followed by blood–brain barrier (BBB) dissemination. Macrophages are considered to be the foremost line of defense and present in excessive numbers during amoebic infections. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of macrophages alone or primed with cytokines on the biological characteristics of Balamuthia in vitro. Using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), which constitutes the BBB, we have shown that Balamuthia demonstrated >90% binding and >70% cytotoxicity to host cells. However, macrophages further increased amoebic binding and Balamuthia-mediated cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore macrophages exhibited no amoebicidal effect against Balamuthia. Zymography assay demonstrated that macrophages exhibited no inhibitory effect on proteolytic activity of Balamuthia. Overall we have shown for the first time macrophages has no inhibitory effects on the biological properties of Balamuthia in vitro. This also strengthened the concept that how and why Balamuthia can cause infections in both immuno-competent and immuno-compromised individuals.

2018-11-01T00:00:00Z