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IN VITRO AND BIOTRANSFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILL.

2023-01-19T04:46:10Z

Title: IN VITRO AND BIOTRANSFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILL. Authors: ZARREEN BADAR; KHAN, SAIFULLAH; SAIFULLAH; KASHIF ALI; SYED GHULAM MUSHARRAF; CHOUDHARY, MUHAMMAD IQBAL Abstract: Tissue culture technology can play an important role in the yield improvement of active ingredients of medicinal plants. In the present study, the potential of regeneration system of Aloe barbadensis along with biotransformational ability was explored. The maximum calli (5.65±1.90; fresh weight) were induced under the dark condition on MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L of NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid), as compared to light. The highest number of shoots (12.725) were proliferated on MS regeneration medium, containing 1.0 mg/L of BAP (6-Benzyl Aminopurine) and 0.1 mg/L of IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid) incubated at 22 ± 2ºC and 16/8 hr photoperiod provided by white fluorescent tube lights. These plantlets were then transferred onto root inducing medium and maximum number of roots (8.0 ± 0.70) with longer length (6.38 ± 0.34 cm) acquired at 1.0 mg/L of IBA within 14-20 days. The regenerated plants were shifted to green house for acclimatization. Effect of plant growth regulators and light was also assessed on callus cultures produced from conventionally propagated and in-vitro regenerated A. barbadensis plants. Biotransformation ability of Aloe barbadensis cell suspension culture was studied by incubation with (+)-adrenosterone (1), which afforded three products; Δ1-2- dehydroadrenosterone (2), 5α-androst-1-ene-3, 11, 17-trione (3) and 17β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 11-dione (4). These metabolites were structurally characterized on the basis of spectroscopic techniques.

EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT BRASSICA MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SEED RATES IN RAINFED AREAS OF POTOHAR-PAKISTAN

2023-01-05T09:14:31Z

Title: EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT BRASSICA MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SEED RATES IN RAINFED AREAS OF POTOHAR-PAKISTAN Authors: KHAN, SARTAJ; KHAN, M. AJAB; M. AKMAL; MUSHTAQ AHMAD; M. ZAFAR; ASMA JABEEN Abstract: Mixed over sole cropping is advantageous under the rainfed conditions in Pakistan. This avoids risk of complete crop failure and may returns higher income. The study aimed to investigate appropriate seed-rates combination for wheatBrassica as mixed- or intercropped in rainfed conditions. Experiments were conducted at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad Pakistan during winter 2004-05 and 2005-06 using 10 treatments for wheat and Brassica as sole and mixed- or intercropped with 100 and 5 kg ha-1 for sole crop and 100 kg ha-1 for wheat with 40, 50, 60, and 70% lower than the recommended for Brassica. Sowing was done in 3rd week of October each year, in lines spaced 30cm. Fertilizer was applied N 48, P2O5 34 and K2O 18 (kg ha-1). Brassica was manually removed for fodder at flowering. Seed rate (SR) significantly (p<0.05) affected wheat grain yield. Cropping system (CS) significantly (p<0.05) affected grain yield of Brassica. Interactions of CS and SR were also significant (p<0.05) for both species. Planned mean comparison for grain yield was found significant (p<0.05) for wheat and brassica. Grain yield for sole wheat was 4.28t ha-1 but reported higher in mixed than intercropped. Grain yield of wheat decreased with increase in seed rate of Brassica as intercropped. Higher grain yield (4.39 t ha-1) of wheat was recorded for seed rates combinations 100:50 (%) as wheat:Brassica intercropped. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for mixed or intercropped system was higher than the sole crop and it increased with increase in the seed rate of Brassica as mixed crop but decreased as intercropped. The high LER was associated to treatment 100:50 (%) seed rates combination for wheat:Brassica as intercropped. Intercropped resulted the greater LER (1.78) than the mixed crop (1.66) and was found most effective for sustainable production in the rainfed areas for a higher net return.

COMPARISON OF THE ANTIOXIDATIVE COMPONENTS OF SOME MARINE MACROALGAE FROM TURKEY

2023-01-05T09:14:08Z

Title: COMPARISON OF THE ANTIOXIDATIVE COMPONENTS OF SOME MARINE MACROALGAE FROM TURKEY Authors: YILDIZ, GAMZE; DERE, EGEMEN; DERE, ŞÜKRAN Abstract: There is an increasing demand for natural antioxidant molecules to replace the synthetic additives currently used in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, the total phenolic contents, total antioxidant capacities (lipid-soluble and water-soluble), total protein contents, vitamin E contents and vitamin C contents of Ulva rigida C. Agardh, Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M. Steentoft, L.M. Irvine et W.F. Farnham and Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse were determined. According to our data, among the algae studied, the highest levels of bioactive components were found in U. rigida, followed by C. tomentosum, G. gracilis and S. coronopifolius. In particular, U. rigida and C. tomentosum showed the highest values for all of the parameters studied. Therefore, U. rigida and C. tomentosum could be considered as species possessing significant natural antioxidant molecules which might be useful for the food industry.

MANAGEMENT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI BY GROWING PETUNIA HYBRIDA (L.) MILL. AS AN ORNAMENTAL PLANT IN SAUDI ARABIA - A CASE STUDY

2023-01-05T09:13:46Z

Title: MANAGEMENT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI BY GROWING PETUNIA HYBRIDA (L.) MILL. AS AN ORNAMENTAL PLANT IN SAUDI ARABIA - A CASE STUDY Authors: AL-QARAWI, A.; MRIDHA, M.A.U.; DHAR, P.P.; ALGHAMDI, O.M. Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) regarded as ubiquitous soil fungi which help in improving plant growth under harsh conditions. Petunia hybrida is one of the most favorite ornamental plants growing all over the Riyadh city of Saudi Arabia. In the present study, we would like to highlight the Petunia as a mycotrophic plant for the management of mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. Roots along with rhizosphere soils of P. hybrida were collected from various sites in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to study AM colonization and biodiversity of AMF. The data obtained in this study indicated that P. hybrida is a very highly mycotrophic plants, and all the samples produced very high colonization with mycelium, vesicles, coiled hyphae and arbuscules. The significant variation was found with the occurrence of mycelium and vesicles among the locations but in case of arbuscules more or less same range of occurrence was found. Only different species of Glomus were observed in all the locations. Glomus showed diversity in all the locations as indicated by the Shanon Diversity Index. As the P. hybrida is a highly mycotrophic plant, so this plant may be grown under harsh condition of Saudi Arabia to manage the plant growth under different stresses viz., water stress, saline soils and heavy metal toxicity conditions.