http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14111 2026-04-12T01:10:13Z 2026-04-12T01:10:13Z K, DHIRENDRA S, LEWIS N, UDUPA K, ATIN http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14138 2022-11-28T10:28:07Z 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z

Title: SOLID DISPERSIONS: A REVIEW Authors: K, DHIRENDRA; S, LEWIS; N, UDUPA; K, ATIN Abstract: Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. This article reviews the various preparation techniques for solid dispersion and compiles some of the recent technology transfers. The different types of solid dispersions based on the molecular arrangement have been highlighted. Some of the practical aspects to be considered for the preparation of solid dispersions, such as selection of carrier and methods of physicochemical characterization, along with an insight into the molecular arrangement of drugs in solid dispersions are also discussed. Finally, an in-depth rationale for limited commercialization of solid dispersions and recent revival has been considered.

2009-04-20T00:00:00Z AKHTAR, NAVEED JUNAID, AYESHA KHALID, AYESHA AHMED, WAQAS ALI SHAH, MUMTAZ UR RAHMAN, HABIB http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14137 2022-11-28T10:25:28Z 2009-04-19T00:00:00Z

Title: FREQUENCY OF ASPIRIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONORY ARTERY DISEASE IN PAKISTAN Authors: AKHTAR, NAVEED; JUNAID, AYESHA; KHALID, AYESHA; AHMED, WAQAS; ALI SHAH, MUMTAZ; UR RAHMAN, HABIB Abstract: Aspirin resistance is an emerging clinical entity. However the data available on aspirin resistance in Asian population is scarce. This study was initiated to prospectively evaluate the frequency of aspirin resistance in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in Pakistan. A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in cardiology and hematology departments at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from January to December 2007. Two hundred and fifty patients were enrolled from cardiology out patient department having met the specific inclusion criteria. Details were entered on a pre-designed questionnaire and aspirin response assay was performed on IMPACT–R (Dia Med AG 1785 Cressier Morat, Switzerland). Data was analyzed using SPSS V12. Aspirin resistance was observed in 12% of patients. 73.2% of study population were male and 26.8% were female, with a mean age of 57.2 years. There was no significant correlation of aspirin resistance with traditional risk factors like Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension or Dyslipidemia. 84% of Aspirin non responders were taking 75mg per day and 16% were on 150mg per day. A positive trend was noted between aspirin resistance and cigarette smoking. Aspirin resistance is a real phenomenon in Pakistani population with an estimated frequency of 12%. Large scale prospective randomized trials with long term follow up are needed to assess the impact of different doses and the clinical significance of this biochemical entity.

2009-04-19T00:00:00Z ALI, OBAID http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14136 2022-11-28T10:22:47Z 2009-04-18T00:00:00Z

Title: QUALITY OF CEFTRIAXONE IN PAKISTAN: REALITY AND RESONANCE Authors: ALI, OBAID Abstract: The quality of pharmaceuticals is a global concern, counterfeit/ poor quality/ substandard medicines can cause harms in various ways: In a number of developing countries including Pakistan there is reportedly a high incidence of the availability of substandard drugs. The majority of these reports do not contain quantitative data to support these claims, nor do they describe the methodology employed for the quality assessment. Quality of drugs available in Pakistan are being questioned and topic of discussion in local news paper, TV channels in general public including journalist and physicians due to disparity of price among same generics, lack of knowledge for such science and unknown reasons. Since, quality of drugs can neither be assessed by naked eye or by every one therefore, randomly selected, 96 samples of different strength of Injection Ceftriaxone Sodium and its generic, a widely used third generation cephalosporin in Pakistan since 1982 and 1994 till date respectively included in the said study to know the reality. 15.62% of Ceftriaxone Injection was found to be Out of Specification, however, not a single sample was found fake (spurious) out of 96 tested samples. Nevertheless, quality is a wide ranging concept covering all matters that individually or collectively influence the excellence of a product hence price and other related issues are also analyzed in the study.

2009-04-18T00:00:00Z RAJESH, KS VENKATARAJU, MP GOWDA, DV http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14135 2022-11-28T10:19:00Z 2009-04-17T00:00:00Z

Title: EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC NATURAL GUMS IN FORMULATION OF ORAL-CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Authors: RAJESH, KS; VENKATARAJU, MP; GOWDA, DV Abstract: In order to develop a controlled delivery of highly water-soluble propranolol hydrochloride (PPHCl) using hydrophilic natural gums (xanthan gum [X] and locust bean gum [LBG]) as cost-effective, nontoxic, easily available. The granules of PPHCl were prepared by wet granulation method using a different ratios drug: gum ratios of X, LBG and XLBG(X and LBG in 1:1 ratios). To increase the flowability and compressibility of the granules, and to prevent its adhesion to punch and die, magnesium stearate and talc were added to the granules in 1:2 ratios before punching. The tablets was analysed to determine hardness, friability, % assay and invitro release study was carried out. The release of PPHCl from a gelatinous swollen mass, which controls the diffusion of drug molecules through the polymeric material into aqueous medium. The XLBG matrices shows precise controlled release than the X and LBG matrices because of burst effect and fast release in case of X and LBG matrices respectively and there was no chemical interaction between drug and polymers in XLBG formulation as confirmed by FTIR studies. First pass effect of PPHCl can be avoided by these formulations. Matrices with XLBG show zero-order release via swelling, diffusion and relaxation mechanism. The XLBG matrices leads to more precise result than X and LBG alone by the utilization of synergistic interaction between two biopolymers and uniformity in the hydration layer in dissolution media. However, according to the similarity factor (f2) XLBG3 were the most similar formulation to Lol-SR as the reference standard.

2009-04-17T00:00:00Z