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RESIDUAL SOLVENT ANALYSIS IN HYDROCHLORIDE SALTS OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS

2022-11-29T07:09:15Z

Title: RESIDUAL SOLVENT ANALYSIS IN HYDROCHLORIDE SALTS OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS Authors: PURANIK, SB PURANIK; PAWAR, R PAWAR; LALITHA, N LALITHA; PAI AND GK RAO, PN SANJAY Abstract: GMP conditions commands to control adequately the quality of APIs by checking the levels of residual solvents. Organic solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene frequently used in pharmaceutical industry for the manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A selective Gas Chromatographic (GC) method has been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for residual solvent analysis in 10 different hydro chloride salts of APIs. Residual solvents in APIs were monitored using gas chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionisation detector (FID). The separation was carried out on BP 624 column (30m X 0.53mm i.d. X 0.25µm coating thickness), using GC 17 A shimadzu, with nitrogen as carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible for the quantitation of acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene at residual level from hydrochloride chloride salts of APIs.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE VOLATILE OILS OF OCIMUM BACILICUM L. AND OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. (LAMIACEAE) AGAINST SOME AEROBIC DENTAL ISOLATES

2022-11-29T07:03:43Z

Title: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE VOLATILE OILS OF OCIMUM BACILICUM L. AND OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. (LAMIACEAE) AGAINST SOME AEROBIC DENTAL ISOLATES Authors: AHONKHAI I, AHONKHAI; AYINDE BA, AYINDE; EDOGUN O, EDOGUN; UHUWMANGHO MU, UHUWMANGHO Abstract: Essential or volatile oils of plants have been variously reported to have many medicinal applications. Their probable uses against oral microbes have received little attention. Oral swabs obtained from eighteen dental patients at the University of Benin teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, led to the isolation of twenty nine bacteria. Using standard methods, the microorganisms were identified as Streptococcus viridians (16; representing 55.17%), Staphylococcus albus (9; 31.04%), Klebisiella pneumonia (2; 6.90%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1, 3.45%) and Proteus vulgaris (1, 3.45%). The antimicrobial activities of the volatile oils of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. gratissimum L. were evaluated on the twenty nine organisms using agar diffusion and agar dilution methods. In the susceptibility tests, the volatile oils of O. basilicum and O. gratissimum independently inhibited the growth of Klebisiella pneumonia at a concentration of 0.51% in the agar; Streptococcus viridians and Staphylococcus albus at 1.10% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10.0%. Proteus vulgaris was inhibited at 0.53% by the volatile oil of O. gratissimum and 0.67% by O. basilicum. Separate incorporation of the volatile oils into tooth pastes (2 and 5 %), the volatiles oils showed antibacterial activities comparable to a commercial tooth paste (which contains O. basilicum 0.01% among others) against most resistant organisms. As components of mouth washes, the volatile oils completely inhibited the growth of organisms at a concentration of 0.5%.

ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT) IN NORMAL CONTROL AND GLUCOSE INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC RATS WITH COCCINIA CORDIFOLIA L. AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS L.

2022-11-29T06:57:02Z

Title: ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT) IN NORMAL CONTROL AND GLUCOSE INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC RATS WITH COCCINIA CORDIFOLIA L. AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS L. Authors: ISLAM, MD. ARIFUL; AKHTAR, MOST. AFIA; ISLAM KHAN, MD. RAFIQUL; HOSSAIN, MD. SAROWAR; ALAM, A. H. M. KHURSHID; IMAM IBNE WAHED, MIR; AMRAN, MD. SHAH; MOKADDESUR RAHMAN, BYTUL; AHMED, MARUF Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions isolated from ethanolic extracts of Coccinia cordifolia and Catharanthus roseus on normal control and orally glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats. Single doses (150 mg/kg) of different fractions of C. cordifolia and C. roseus extracts were intraperitonelly administered. The serum blood glucose level was obtained by pricking the tail vein using glucometer at time 0, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 270 minutes. In the orally glucose induced hyperglycemic rats, chloroform-coccinia (CHCl3-CC) fraction showed maximum reduction of blood glucose level by 21.94% on 60 minute of the experiment. On the other hand maximum reduction (p<0.05) of 17.92% was observed for petroleum ether-catharanthus (PET-CR) on 30 minute of the experiment. Metformin HCl was used as standard drug. Our results indicate that the CHCl3-CC fraction is relatively more potent than other fractions of C. cordifolia. Similarly the PET-CR is found to be better than other fractions of catharanthus. Phytochemical screening test results showed that chloroform fraction of C. cordifolia contain saponins and flavonoids compounds, which are known to be hypoglycemic. On the other hand petroleum ether fraction of C. roseus contains tannins, flavonoids and alkaloid compounds produced varying degree of blood sugar reduction. On the pharmacological point of view C. cordifolia and C. roseus appears to be a valuable plant, which can be useful, at least as an adjunct, in the therapy of diabetes.

STUDY OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF NOVEL RIGID BENZOFURAN-3, 4-DIHYDROXY CHALCONE BY FORMALIN, HOT-PLATE AND CARRAGEENAN TESTS IN MICE

2022-11-29T06:49:29Z

Title: STUDY OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF NOVEL RIGID BENZOFURAN-3, 4-DIHYDROXY CHALCONE BY FORMALIN, HOT-PLATE AND CARRAGEENAN TESTS IN MICE Authors: REZA HEIDARI, MAHMOUD; FOROUMADI, ALIREZA; NOROOZI, HOJAT; SAMZADEH-KERMANI, ALI; SARVAR AZIMZADEH, BEHZAD Abstract: It is reported that dihydroxy chalcones have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Study of the structure activity relationship (SAR) shows that benzofuran-3-one derivatives may be more effective in this respect. In this study, a new (Z)-2-(3,4- dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-methoxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one (compound 5) was synthesized and its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by formalin, carrageenan and hotPlate methods in mice. The results showed that, compound 5 induced significant antinociceptive and anti–inflammatory effect (P< 0.01). Maximum analgesia (42.6 %) was obtained at dose of 25 mg/kg in the first phase of formalin test. The effect of compound 5 was higher (87.7%) in chronic phase of inflammation induced by formalin (P< 0.01). Administration of 25 mg/kg of compound 5 inhibited the inflammation induced by carrageenan, 32.8% and 41.7%, 1 and 3 hour after carrageenan injection, respectively. In addition, this dose of compound 5, induces significant analgesia (20.2%) in hot plate test 45 minutes after injection (P<0.01). Therefore it seems that compound 5 has potential for discovery of a compound with potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and its scaffold could be use for further structural modifications.