http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14117 2026-04-24T02:48:34Z 2026-04-24T02:48:34Z ALAM MAHMOOD, ZAFAR SUALEH, MOHAMMAD ZAFAR MAHMOOD, SAAD BIN AHMED KARIM, MAHWISH http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14236 2022-11-29T10:01:06Z 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z

Title: HERBAL TREATMENT FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE THE EVIDENCE BASED THERAPY Authors: ALAM MAHMOOD, ZAFAR; SUALEH, MOHAMMAD; ZAFAR MAHMOOD, SAAD BIN; AHMED KARIM, MAHWISH Abstract: ABSTRACT More than 2000 plants have been listed in the Traditional (Herbal/Alternative) systems of medicine and some of these are providing comprehensive relief to the people suffering from cardio-vascular diseases, specially “hyperlipidemia” and “ischemic heart disease”. WHO reports indicate that around eighty percent of the global population still relies on botanical drugs and several herbal medicines have advanced to clinical use in modern times. Based on these findings, present review is written to identify the “Pharmacology and Cardio-vascular Application” of four commonly used plants in Pakistan. These include, Crataegus oxycantha, Inula racemosa, Terminalia arjuna and Commiphora mukul. The selection of the plants in the present study is primarily based on their chemistry and pharmacological properties including toxicology reported in various research articles and reviews. Some very interesting findings have been observed and thus recorded and reported in this review.

2010-01-20T00:00:00Z OKOKON, JUDE E A NWAFOR, PAUL http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14235 2022-11-29T09:52:33Z 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z

Title: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACT AND CRUDE FRACTIONS OF CROTON ZAMBESICUS Authors: OKOKON, JUDE E; A NWAFOR, PAUL Abstract: The root extract and fractions of Croton zambesicus were screened for antimicrobial activity against some typed and pure cultures of bacterial and fungal species. These were carried out by the Plate -hole diffusion method on Mueller – Hinton agar (MHA) for bacteria and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the fungi. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of test samples found to be active by the diffusion test were determined based on the macrodilution method. The crude extract as well as chloroform and n-hexane fractions had activity against B. subtilis only. While ethyl acetate fraction had a wide spectrum of activity against all the bacteria organisms tested with a promising minimum inhibitory concentrations. However, the crude extract and the fractions were inactive against all the fungal species tested. This result confirms its ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of microbial infections.

2010-01-20T00:00:00Z AKHTER, TASNEEM BAQAI, RAKHSHANDA AZIZ, MUBASHAR http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14234 2022-11-29T09:43:54Z 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z

Title: ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF NSAIDS ON CLINICAL ISOLATES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND DIABETIC FOOT INFECTION Authors: AKHTER, TASNEEM; BAQAI, RAKHSHANDA; AZIZ, MUBASHAR Abstract: Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) are a group of chemically dissimilar agents that have primary effect of inhibition of prostaglandin’s synthesis. Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid) is used as an analgesic, anti pyretic, anti-inflammatory agent and also have an anticoagulant effect. Tylenol (acetaminophen) is used as pain reliever. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Aspirin and Tylenol against clinical isolates of urinary tract infection (UTI) and diabetic foot infections. A total of 100 clinical isolates were analyzed. Out of these 50 were urine samples from diabetic patients with UTI and 50 pus samples from diabetic foot infection. Bacteriological study was done by inoculating urine samples on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte deficient (CLED) media. Pus samples were inoculated on Blood agar and MacConkey’s agar. Identification was done by colony characteristics, gram staining and standard biochemical tests and Quick Test Strip (QTS-20)DESTO Laboratories, Karachi. Antibacterial effect of Aspirin and Tylenol were tested against 100 clinical isolates by Replica plate method, Agar well diffusion method and tube dilution method. Concentrations of Aspirin and Tylenol (10 µg, 50 µg, 100 µg, 500 µg, 1000 µg) were made in Muller Hinton media. Bacteria isolated from urine samples were Escherichia coli 30%, Staphyloccus aureus 20%, Entrococcus faecalis 10%, S.saprophyticus10%, Proteus spp 6%, Pseudomonas spp.6%, S. pyogenes 6%, S. agalactiae 6%, S.epidermidis 4%, and Klebsiella spp. 2%. Bacteria isolated from pus samples were S aureus 30%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18%, S.epidermidis 14%, Klebsiella pneumonia12%, Proteus mirabilis 12%, E. coli 10%, P.vulgaris 4%. Aspirin was effective at 100-500 µg concentration against all isolates. Tylenol has marked effect on pathogens at 100 µg concentration. Aspirin and Tylenol along with analgesic, anti-pyretic, antiinflammatory properties also have marked anti bacterial effect on isolates from UTI and Diabetic foot infections and inhibits the growth of both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, and both can be used synergistically with antibiotics for effective treatment.

2010-01-20T00:00:00Z SANKAR, V RUCKMANI, K DURGA, S JAILANI, S http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14233 2022-11-29T09:34:02Z 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z

Title: PRONIOSOMES AS DRUG CARRIERS Authors: SANKAR, V; RUCKMANI, K; DURGA, S; JAILANI, S Abstract: Approaches to stabilize niosomal drug delivery system without affecting its properties of merits have resulted in the development of the promising drug carrier, proniosomes. Proniosomes is dry formulation using suitable carrier coated with non ionic surfactants and can be converted into niosomes immediately before use by hydration. These proniosome-derived niosomes are as good as or even better than conventional niosomes. The focus of this review is to bring out different aspects related to proniosomes preparation, characterization, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, applications and merits.

2010-01-20T00:00:00Z