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Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cognitive function among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery under anesthesia

2022-12-02T10:14:29Z

Title: Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cognitive function among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery under anesthesia Authors: Chen, Xin-de; Xie, Wei; Zhou, Qing-he Abstract: The objective of present study was to compare the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cognitive function among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery under anesthesia. Elderly patient who met eligibility criteria were randomized to receive Intravenous anesthetic (propofol) or Inhalation anesthetic (sevoflurane, Group II) in allocation ratio of 1:1. The following variables were assessed, 1) recovery time; 2) measurement of attention and psychomotor functions; 3) memory (verbal memory); 4) obvious memories during anesthesia assessed by remembrance (recall) and recognition tests. A total of 200 patients were completed study. Statistical analysis showed that the recovery time was significantly greater in patients who received sevoflurane when compared to patients who received propofol (p<0.005). Patients who had treated with sevoflurane had greater reaction time compared to the patients who had been treated with propofol after 30- minutes of anesthesia (immediate test) [p<0.005]. Similar trend of results was observed between both the groups after 120 minutes of anesthesia (delayed test). Moreover, the patients who were treated with propofol had better memory score as compared to patients treated with sevoflurane. The difference was statistically significant between both the treatment groups in both type of recognition test (immediate and delayed recognition test) [p<0.005].

Research on the repairing effect of polylactic acid-trimethylene carbonate/GNDF slow-release catheter on the injured femoral nerve fiber

2022-12-02T10:09:25Z

Title: Research on the repairing effect of polylactic acid-trimethylene carbonate/GNDF slow-release catheter on the injured femoral nerve fiber Authors: Wei, Lei; Xing, Dan-mou; Liu, Jun; Wu, Bo Abstract: Present research aims to investigate the repairing effect of polylactic acid-trimethylene carbonate/GNDF slowrelease catheter on the injured femoral nerve fiber. Adult SD male rats as the subjects were divided into two groups, the GDNF group and the control group, and received the surgery to remove the nerve from the exposed left femoral nerves. Thereafter, rats in the GNDF group and the control group received the GNDF or normal saline, and we evaluated the changes in rats, including the morphological, functional and electrophysiological changes of regenerated nerves. Regenerated axons were found in each group, but enormous regeneration of axons was only identified in GDNF group. Further analysis showed that: At the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks, areas of the regenerated nerves in GDNF group were (0.95±0.06) mm2, (1.14±0.07) mm2 and (1.22±0.06) mm2, respectively; in the control group, these were (0.15±0.01) mm2, (0.25±0.07) mm2 and (0.52±0.05) mm2, respectively. These showed that the outcome of GDNF group was superior to that of control group. In GDNF group, quantities of the myelinated fiber were (0.8119×104±0.0637×104), (1.3371×104±0.0460×104) and (1.7669×104±0.0542×104); while in control group, these were (0.2179×104±0.0097×104), (0.3490×104±0.0329×104) and (0.7737×l04±0.0788×104). Again, these results also indicated that the outcome of GDNF group was superior to that of the control group (p<0.05). In GDNF group, the average diameters of myelinated fibers were (2.25±0.17) μm, (2.42±0.14) μm and (2.80±0.10) μm, which were significantly better than (1.24±0.08) μm, (1.43±0.14) μm and (1.82±0.14) μm in the control group. Degrees of fiber myelination in the GDNF group were (0.71±0.03), (0.64±0.03) and (0.6l±0.0l), respectively, which were also significantly higher than (0.02±0.01), (0.04±0.01) and (0.06±0.02) in the control group (p<0.01). At the 12th week after surgery, HE staining was performed to observe the histological changes in quadriceps femoris for evaluation of atrophy in each group. In the GDNF group, significant amelioration was found in the atrophy of quadriceps femoris with an average area of myofiber of (84.95±3.92) %, while the area of the control group was (57.95±5.78) %, suggesting that the outcome of the GDNF group was better than that of the control group (p<0.05). Electrophysiological examination of nerves was employed to detect the recovery of neurological functions after repair of nerve defect. At the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after surgery, CMAP amplitudes in the GDNF group were (9.34±0.52) mV, (14.40±0.69) mV and (19.18±0.48) mV, significantly better than (0.39±0.07) mV, (1.44±0.41) mV and (9.27±0.40) in the control group (p<0.01). Polylactic acid-trimethylene carbonate/GNDF slowrelease catheter can accelerate the functional recovery of injured nerves, thus promoting the regeneration efficiency of femoral nerves.

Effect of donepezil hydrochloride & aerobic exercise training on learning and memory and its mechanism of action in an Alzheimer's disease rat model

2022-12-02T10:03:15Z

Title: Effect of donepezil hydrochloride & aerobic exercise training on learning and memory and its mechanism of action in an Alzheimer's disease rat model Authors: Jiangbo, Nan; Liyun, Zhang Abstract: This study was designed to explore the combined effect of donepezil hydrochloride and aerobic exercise training on learning and memory and to check its mechanism of action in an Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and donepezil hydrochloride combined with aerobic exercise training group (n=10). Amyloid β-protein (Aβ1-40) was injected into rats to establish an elderly AD model. After 4 weeks of administration, changes in the spatial learning and memory of rats were tested in the Morris water maze. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were measured by colorimetry. Compared with the normal control group, rats in the model group took more time to find the platform (P<0.001) and showed a longer swimming path (P<0.001). Rats in the intervention group took less time to find the platform (P<0.001) and showed a shorter swimming path (P<0.001) in comparison to the model group. Similarly, rats in the model group showed decreased ChAT activity (P<0.001) and increased AchE activity (P<0.001) in the hippocampus and cortex as compare to the normal control group. Compared with the model group, rats in the intervention group showed increased ChAT activity (P<0.001) and decreased AchE activity (P<0.001) in the hippocampus and cortex. The study concluded that Donepezil hydrochloride combined with aerobic exercise training improved the learning and memory function of rats with AD. The mechanism was also related to improved morphological structure of hippocampal neurons, reduced loss of neuronal cells, increased ChAT content and decreased AchE content.

Efficacy of mesalazine in combination with bifid triple viable capsules on ulcerative colitis and the resultant effect on the inflammatory factors

2022-12-02T09:52:46Z

Title: Efficacy of mesalazine in combination with bifid triple viable capsules on ulcerative colitis and the resultant effect on the inflammatory factors Authors: Huang, Min; Chen, Zhongqiong; Lang, Chunhui; Chen, Jianlong; Yang, Biying; Xue, Linglong; Zhang, Yu Abstract: Present investigation is conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of mesalazine in combination with the Bifid Triple Viable Capsules on the ulcerative colitis (UC) and the resultant effect on the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) of UC patients. A total of 120 UC patients who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between May 2014 and February 2018 were enrolled in this study and divided randomly into the research group and control group, with 60 patients in each group. For patients in the two groups, they underwent medication via mesalazine, while those in the research group additionally received the medication by Bifid Triple Viable Capsules. Following treatment, we evaluated the clinical efficacy, as well as the disease activity index (DAI) of UC, score of clinical symptoms, changes in the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) and the adverse reactions to drugs before and after treatment. The total effectiveness rate in the research group was 90.0%, significantly higher than 72.5% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Before treatment, we assessed the UCDAI and clinical symptoms, and found that there were no statistically significant differences in these indicators between two groups (P>0.05); however, after treatment, both of UCDAI and clinical symptoms scores were decreased evidently in two groups (P<0.05), while the decreases in the research group were more significant (P < 0.05). In addition, following treatment, the levels of TNFα and IL-8 were all decreased in two groups, with an acute increase in IL-10 (all P<0.01), and the alterations in these indicators in the research group were much more significant than those in the control group (all P <0.05). For adverse reactions, the incidence rate in the research group was 6.67%, significantly lower than 33.33% in the control group (P <0.05). Mesalazine in combination with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules shows a magnificent protective effect on the mucosa of UC patients, and curb the UC-related inflammatory reactions effectively. Thus, it is a safe and reliable method that is worthy of being promoted in clinical practice.