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Evaluation of pharmacological and toxic effects of ethanolic extract of radish pods in albino rabbits: A biochemical and histopathological study

2022-12-07T07:54:43Z

Title: Evaluation of pharmacological and toxic effects of ethanolic extract of radish pods in albino rabbits: A biochemical and histopathological study Authors: Younus, Ishrat; Siddiq, Afshan; Baig, Sadia Ghousia; Khan, Saira Saeed; Ahmed, Shadab; Osama, Muhammad Abstract: Radish pods are known as vegetable eaten as a part of diet. Though the pharmacologic potential of radish has been well known but there are fewer reports regarding pharmacological and toxic effects of radish pods. On account of this reason, the current study was aimed to evaluate the pharmacological and toxic effects of ethanol extract of Raphanus caudatus (radish pods) in rabbits after 60 days of administration. The plant extract was administered in 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg doses and effect was observed on hepatic, renal, cardiac and lipid profile. The extract was found to be hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and cardioprotective. Also it showed hypocholestrolemic potential at 1000 mg/kg. However at higher doses the extract presented chronic gastritis. Conversely, no indication of histological alterations was seen in other vital organs such as liver, kidneys, heart. Thus there is critical requirement to identify toxic constituent/s inducing gastritis so that safety profile of the plant can be established for effective therapeutic use.

Pharmacokinetics profile of serum and cellular Sofosbuvir along with its concentration effect analysis in HCV patients receiving Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin

2022-12-07T07:49:45Z

Title: Pharmacokinetics profile of serum and cellular Sofosbuvir along with its concentration effect analysis in HCV patients receiving Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Authors: Ahmed, Bilal; Munir, Bushra; Ghaffar, Abdul; Yameen, Muhammad; Jalal, Fatima; Farooq, Muhammad Umar; Shehzadi, Saba; Ashraf, Sara; Liaqat, Ayesha Abstract: Sofosbuvir along with ribavirin is being widely used for treatment of HCV in Pakistan but it may show delayed response and reoccurrence of disease in some cases. The aim of the study was to investigate pharmacokinetics and concentration effect analysis of sofosbuvir. HCV patients (n=100) received 400 mg sofosbuvir along with low dose or weight based ribavirin (400 mg). Nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) and unpaired t-test were used for the association of concentrations and treatment outcomes. Average day 10 sofosbuvir metabolite BM 331007 concentration was higher in patients having haemoglobin nadir value <10 g/dl compared to the patients having heamoglobin nadir value >10 g/dl (5.34 versus 4.87 pmol/106 cells; p=0.03). The average concentration trends of GS331007 at day 10 was towards being higher in the patients achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) as compare to the patients relapsed (5.19 versus 4.86 pmol/106 cells; p=0.05). Sofosbuvir (GS331007) thresholds concentration (suggested at day 10 through receiver operating characteristic curve) was 5.4 pmol/106 cells for SVR (p=0.05) and haemoglobin nadir cells was 6.3 pmol/106 with sensitivity and specificity of ≥60%. Dosing simulations shows that 400 mg sofosbuvir twice daily produce day 10 concentration range of 5.4 to 6.7 pmol/10 6 cells. The range of therapeutic values was identified for HCV patients receiving sofosbuvir in combination with ribavirin for 24 weeks, suggesting a potential pharmaceutical basis for individualized therapeutic dosing.

Persistence and safety assessment of novel probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 1 strain Lp86 and Lp36 in Salmonella typhi infected mice

2022-12-07T07:43:12Z

Title: Persistence and safety assessment of novel probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 1 strain Lp86 and Lp36 in Salmonella typhi infected mice Authors: Baloch, Muneera Naz; Zafar, Urooj; Haider, Fouzia; Mojgani, Naheed; Eijaz, Sana; Siddiqui, Roquya Abstract: The species of Lactic acid bacteria are known to confer beneficial effects on the host by inhabiting in their gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They succeed in surviving the harsh conditions of the GIT by exhibiting strong tolerance against gastric acids, digestive enzymes and bile simultaneously antagonizing the pathogens by production of antimicrobials. This study has been conducted to elaborate these probiotic characteristics in vivo for which mice were intragastrically given a probiotic approved dose of 1011cfu/ml for 4 days to assess the persistence of two probiotic candidates Lactobacillus plantarum Lp36 and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp86. The fecal count of the test probiotic candidates were seen to persist well in the GIT for 15 days with a count ranging between 104 -108 cfu/ mg of feces (p>0.01).The safety assessment of L. plantarum Lp36 in healthy and S. typhi in infected mice showed an increase in cell count from (day zero of inoculation) 106 cfu/100mg of feces to108 cfu/100mg (p>0.01) which was maintained till day six, suggesting the persistence in the GIT. The sections of the mice intestinal lining under scanning electron microscope revealed the adherence of Lp36 and Lp86 to the intestinal epithelia. The mice did not show any adverse effect on its health. These findings make our strains promising probiotic candidates to be used to promote health benefits after further assessments.

Synthesis, lipoxygenase inhibition activity and molecular docking of oxamide derivative

2022-12-07T07:40:04Z

Title: Synthesis, lipoxygenase inhibition activity and molecular docking of oxamide derivative Authors: Rehman, Saba Fazal-ur; Wasim, Agha Arslan; Iqbal, Sadaf; Khan, Maria Aqeel; Lateef, Mehreen; Iqbal, Lubna Abstract: In this study, a range of oxamide ligands were synthesized by the reaction of amines with oxalyl chloride in basic medium. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR and ESI-MS techniques were used for characterization of the synthesized oxamides. The synthesized oxamides were screened for Lipoxygenase inhibition. Biological screening revealed that the oxamides possessed good lipoxygenase inhibition activities, whereas, the unsubstituted oxamide did not show any distinct lipoxygenase inhibition activity. Molecular docking studies of the oxamides were also carried out for lipoxygenase inhibition. The results obtained from molecular docking were well correlated with the empirical data.