http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14695 2026-04-03T18:46:36Z 2026-04-03T18:46:36Z Khan, Muhammad Azam Khan, Mir Ajab Mazhar Hussain Ghulam Mujtaba http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16505 2023-01-20T09:19:31Z 2014-09-20T00:00:00Z

Title: Plant diversity and conservation status of Himalayan Region Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir (Pakistan) Authors: Khan, Muhammad Azam; Khan, Mir Ajab; Mazhar Hussain; Ghulam Mujtaba Abstract: The plant diversity of Himalayan region has been reduced to greater extent due to environmental degradation and human exploitation. Anthropogenic disturbance was the major factor responsible for fragmentation of forest vegetation into small patches. Little research has been conducted in the Himalayan region of Poonch Valley of North eastern Pakistan with reference to plants biodiversity and its conservation. The present research was carried out to provide a checklist of vegetation for biodiversity conservation. A total of 430 vascular and 5 nonvascular plant species with 5 species of Bryophytes (5 families), 13 species of Pteridophytes (6 families), 4 species of Gymnosperms (1 family) and 413 species of angiosperms (95 families) were enumerated from the Poonch valley Azad Kashmir. The genera were classified into three categories according to the number of species. 25 plant communities with phytosociological parameters and diversity indices were reported. Present study revealed that there were 145 threatened, 30 endangered, 68 vulnerable and 47 rare species. It is recorded that extensive grazing, uprooting of plants and soil slope erosion intensify the environmental problems. Since there is maximum exploitation of vegetation, the valley showed a decline in plant diversity. The study was also indicated that the main threats to the biodiversity are expansion of settlement and army installations in the forest area of the valley. For sustainable use In-situ and Ex-situ conservation, controlled harvesting and afforestation may be the solution. Moreover, forest area should be declared prohibited for settlements and army installations.

2014-09-20T00:00:00Z Saeed Ahmad Bashir, Muhammad Tayyab Khaliq, Farhan Hameed Abdul Mannan Mukhtar, Muhammad Fahad http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16503 2023-01-20T09:19:03Z 2014-09-20T00:00:00Z

Title: Antimicrobial and toxicological studies of Ochthochloa compressa plant Authors: Saeed Ahmad; Bashir, Muhammad Tayyab; Khaliq, Farhan Hameed; Abdul Mannan; Mukhtar, Muhammad Fahad Abstract: The present study demonstrates the biological activity of Ochthochloa compressa, since extensive literature survey has shown no documented biological activity of this plant. Ethanolic extract of whole plant was prepared and evaporated under reduced pressure by rota vapor. The crude extract was further fractionated into n- hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions. These fractions were screened for antifungal, phytotoxic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Dichloromethane soluble fraction showed significant phytotoxicity whereas nhexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol soluble fractions showed non-significant phytotoxicity. Similarly, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was the only fraction, which showed significant cytotoxic activity. There was no antibacterial but moderate antifungal activity was shown by these fractions against selected strains of bacteria and fungi. This is the first report on the biological activity of O. compressa.

2014-09-20T00:00:00Z Sepideh Vahabi Sedigheh Nadri Fatemeh Izadi http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16501 2023-01-20T09:18:35Z 2014-09-20T00:00:00Z

Title: The effects of gabapentin on severity of post spinal anesthesia headache Authors: Sepideh Vahabi; Sedigheh Nadri; Fatemeh Izadi Abstract: Spinal anesthesia is a common anesthesia method and post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of its most common adverse effects. Gabapentin is a popular anticonvulsant drug that has been used as an oral nonopioid analgesic in recent years. In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 120 patients were randomized in two equal groups (Placebo or gabapentin). The patients in the gabapentin group received gabapentin 300 mg orally one hour before the surgery and then every 12 hours for the first 24 hours after the surgery while the placebo group received placebos in the same way. Severity of headache and postoperative pain assessed by verbal rating score for pain (VRSP), morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, somnolence, pruritus, dizziness in the first 48 hours, hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia and tachycardia in the first 24 hours after the surgery were recorded. In first 48 hour after surgery the mean of severity of headache in the gabapentin group was 0.20±0.05, and in the placebo group it was 0.93±0.01. The mean of postoperative pain in the gabapentin group was2.25±0.793, and in the placebo group it was3.77±0.813. In the first 24 hours post operative the mean of morphine consumptions were 0.20±0.030 and 0.32±0.0 30 mg in gabapentin and placebo groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding incidence rate of the adverse effects. In this study, administration of gabapentin decreased the incidence and severity of post spinal anesthesia headache, postoperative pain and morphine consumption, without any significant differences in serious adverse effects.

2014-09-20T00:00:00Z Irin Dewan Salim Miah SM Ashraful Islam Sohel Rana http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16456 2023-01-20T08:06:23Z 2014-09-20T00:00:00Z

Title: Design, characterization and in-vitro evaluation of different cellulosic acrylic and methacrylic polymers loaded aceclofenac microspheres Authors: Irin Dewan; Salim Miah; SM Ashraful Islam; Sohel Rana Abstract: The aspire of this attempt was to design and evaluate aceclofenac loaded sustained release microspheres by emulsion solvent evaporation method, using different polymers like Ethyl cellulose (EC), Kollidon SR (KSR), Eudragit RS 100, Eudragit RL 100 and Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose (HPMC K100M). Microspheres were prepared using different stirring rate (1200, 1500, 2000rpm) and larger microspheres were obtained with lower stirring rate.Performance of microspheres was evaluated in terms of in vitro dissolution study which was allowed according to USP paddle method using Phosphate Buffer (pH 6.8) for 8 hours. UV-spectrophotometric method was used to calculate the drug content and the maximum and minimum release of aceclofenac from microspheres was observed 96.08% and 46.41% for formulation F18 and F5 after 8 hours respectively. Dissolution data were fitted by different mathematical models such as the zero order plot, first order plot, Higuchi plot, Hixon-Crowel plot and korsemeyer plot. Korsemeyer model has found to best fitted with release data. Scanning electron microscopic technique was performed to obtain the particle size and morphological changes due to different polymers. Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy was performed to find out any interaction of drug with the polymers. The drug might be released by both diffusion and erosion as data were best fitted with Korsemeyer model. So it has been demonstrated that aceclofenac microspheres containing different cellulosic, acrylic and methacrylic loaded polymers may be excellent candidates for consideration in drug delivery systems.

2014-09-20T00:00:00Z