http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/17348 2026-04-04T02:36:51Z 2026-04-04T02:36:51Z M. Rafiq M. O. Ahmad http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18828 2023-03-14T03:50:07Z 2016-03-15T00:00:00Z

Title: Non-Standard Finite Difference Modeling for Transmission Dynamics of Dengue Fever Authors: M. Rafiq; M. O. Ahmad Abstract: Mathematical models have been widely used in various areas of infectious disease epidemiology. In this paper, the transmission dynamics of a vector borne infectious disease "Dengue Fever" has been analyzed numerically. An unconditionally convergent numerical scheme has been constructed for the model for Dengue Fever and numerical experiments are performed for different values of discretization parameter 'l'. Results are compared with well-known numerical method i.e. Runge-Kutta method of order four (RK4). Unlike Rk4 which fails for large time steps, the developed scheme gives results that converged to true steady states for any time step used.

2016-03-15T00:00:00Z M. Basit S. Riaz M. Rafique Q. A. Chaudhry S Farid http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18827 2023-03-14T03:49:57Z 2016-03-14T00:00:00Z

Title: Non-Standard Finite Difference Scheme for the Kinetics of Pentaerythritol Production Reactions Authors: M. Basit; S. Riaz; M. Rafique; Q. A. Chaudhry; S Farid Abstract: Pentaerythritol plays very crucial role in the preparation of many polyfunctionalized compounds such as explosives, dyes, paints and surface coatings. Estimation of numerical solutions of kinetics of pentaerythritol production reactions has been an important issue. The kinetic model of this reacting system has been converted into system of ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the obtained system of ordinary differential equations describing the kinetics ofpentaerythritol has been solved numerically by using non-standard finite difference method and semi analytical scheme 'differential transform method'. Sometime experimental data is not easily available, for such case we have estimated solutions for reaction parameters using NSFD and DTM. Obtained results are approximately same as experimental data. Results obtained from these techniques have been compared with each other and also with the experimental data. Keywords-Pentaerythritol, Polyfunctionalized, Differential Transform Method, Non Standard Finite Difference Method.

2016-03-14T00:00:00Z M. Ijaz S. Kalsoom N. A. Akthar http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18826 2023-03-14T03:49:48Z 2016-03-13T00:00:00Z

Title: Flame Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials at Various Washing Intervals Authors: M. Ijaz; S. Kalsoom; N. A. Akthar Abstract: The study investigates the fire resistance of chemical protective clothing materials over repeated number of washing cycles. This research work was experimental in nature, performed and completed at a reputable textile mill. The sample of protective coveralls was collected from fertilizer-manufacturing units. These coveralls were evaluated for their fire-resistant ability through the determination of after-flame time and char length by following Vertical Flame Test ASTM D 6413. An experimental fabric was manufactured with various construction parameters to improve the results. Data was presented in the form of mean±S.D along with their minimum and maximum value. The results of experimental and existing clothing materials were compared. The conclusion drawn from this study was that the existing clothing materials failed to meet the international requirements and their condition became even worse with the repeated washing. Whereas, experimental clothing material performed well even with repeated laundering. These findings can be helpful for the manufacturers to review and alter the construction parameters to develop protective coveralls for the safety of workers.

2016-03-13T00:00:00Z S. U. Abdi K. Iqbal http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18825 2023-03-14T03:49:37Z 2016-03-11T00:00:00Z

Title: Institution-wise Feasibility for Establishment of Inter-Disciplinary Postgraduate Engineering Program in Southern Punjab Authors: S. U. Abdi; K. Iqbal Abstract: Southern Punjab region has remained largely deprived after 68 years of independence when it comes to higher education in engineering & technology or development of industrial research culture. Due to political, socio-economic, cultural, and geographical reasons more than 60 million people living in this region have faced lack of opportunities to higher education in engineering and professional development. In this paper a feasibility study is conducted for possible establishment of a postgraduate level inter-disciplinary engineering program in Southern Punjab region to fill this gap. A successful inter-disciplinary engineering management program at University of Ottawa is adopted as a model. The institutions of higher learning in Southern Punjab are evaluated for their preparedness to institute such a program on a matrix of indicators. The study determines that establishment of such program will allow engineers, architects and town planners from multiple disciplines to acquire higher education and develop managerial and entrepreneurial skills in close proximity to their homes. The study concludes that such a program is feasible, highly desired and can be launched with minimum additional financial and human resources.

2016-03-11T00:00:00Z