http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19274 2026-04-22T22:35:33Z 2026-04-22T22:35:33Z IMAM-UL-HAQUE MUQADDAS TARIQ http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19993 2023-12-01T05:05:31Z 2010-06-20T00:00:00Z

Title: Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate: A Review Authors: IMAM-UL-HAQUE; MUQADDAS TARIQ Abstract: Nitrates are ubiquitous in water bodies. As contaminants they are considered to be hazardous. Electrochemical techniques have been investigated, appraised and developed for their removal. This review presents proposed reaction mechanisms and product-analyses from the past two decades. Techniques, electrode materials, reaction media and products are tabulated.

2010-06-20T00:00:00Z ABDUL MAJEED KHAN http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19992 2023-12-01T04:58:52Z 2010-06-19T00:00:00Z

Title: AN UPDATE OF TERPENOIDS, STEROIDS AND BIODIVERSITY OF SEAWEEDS FROM THE COAST OF PAKISTAN Authors: ABDUL MAJEED KHAN Abstract: This review article presents the comprehensive update of the ecology, biodiversity and importance of seaweeds. In addition, the article also presents the terpenoidal and steroidal compounds isolated from seaweeds of the coastline of Pakistan during the period of 1980 to 2008. Rapid growth in this field during the last thirty years resulted in the identification of a surprisingly large number of new structures of terpenoids and steroids. Overall, thirty one terpenoids and eighteen steroids have been reported from the seaweeds of the coast of Pakistan. The main sources of these compounds are brown, red and green algae. In addition, the study of the literature showed that only few terpenoids and steroids have been investigated for bioassay screening which exhibited some kind of activities to a little extent.

2010-06-19T00:00:00Z MUHAMMAD JAMIL MUHAMMAD SHARIF ZIA MUHAMMAD QASIM http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19991 2023-12-01T04:53:24Z 2010-06-18T00:00:00Z

Title: Contamination of Agro-Ecosystem and Human Health Hazards from Wastewater used for Irrigatio Authors: MUHAMMAD JAMIL; MUHAMMAD SHARIF ZIA; MUHAMMAD QASIM Abstract: The use of untreated/inadequately treated wastewater for irrigation in agriculture has been practiced for many years in arid zones of industrialized as well as developing countries. Farmers mostly use wastewater for growing the vegetables and fodders in urban areas because of unavailability of enough suitable water, wastewater’s high nutrient value, reliability and proximity to urban market. Wastewater is loaded with salts, heavy metals and disease causing micro organism. Continuous use of untreated city effluents for growing vegetable may result in soil degradation, accumulation of heavy metal in soil in phyto-toxic concentrations and contamination of soil-water-plant system with pathogens. The intake of contaminated vegetables may lead to public health risks of transmission of enteric diseases. Also excessive intake of heavy metal ions may result in human health hazards due to their toxic effect. This review paper, therefore, discusses heavy metal and pathogen load in wastewater and their contribution towards pollution of agro-ecosystem and their consequent impact on human health.

2010-06-18T00:00:00Z XIAO YU-MEI WANG JIAN WANG MING-AN LIU JI-PING YUAN HUI-ZHU QIN ZHAO-HAI http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19990 2023-12-01T04:41:09Z 2010-06-17T00:00:00Z

Title: STUDY ON THE INCLUSION COMPLEXES OF FLUMORPH AND DIMETHOMORPH WITH Β-CYCLODEXTRIN TO IMPROVE FUNGICIDE FORMULATION Authors: XIAO YU-MEI; WANG JIAN; WANG MING-AN; LIU JI-PING; YUAN HUI-ZHU; QIN ZHAO-HAI Abstract: The β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexes of Flumorph and Dimethomorph have been investigated quantitatively by UV measurement. The results showed that the 1:1 inclusion complexes were formed and the formation constants reduced with elevation of temperature. Thermodynamic parameters of the inclusion reaction (ΔH?ΔS?ΔG) were all negative,which suggested that the interaction process between β-CD and the two fungicides were spontaneous, driven by entropy changes of inclusion reaction. Two-dimensional (2D) ROESY NMR experiments were performed to identify the binding geometry of inclusion complex. Both of Z and E isomers of Flumorph formed complexes with β-CD, while only the Z-isomer of Dimethomorph formed complex with β-CD, and the phenyl ring containing fluorine or chlorine atom entered into the cavity of β-CD through the wider rim. Phase-solubility experiments demonstrated that the water-solubility of the two fungicides enhanced in the presence of β-CD. The preliminary bioassay testified that the complexes improved the fungicidal activity. The present study provided a promising outlook for developing water-based formulation of Flumorph and Dimethomorph, increasing its efficacy and improving its formulation.

2010-06-17T00:00:00Z