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Different Techniques Recently Used For the Treatment of Textile Dyeing Effluents: A Review

2023-09-27T03:36:03Z

Title: Different Techniques Recently Used For the Treatment of Textile Dyeing Effluents: A Review Authors: ATIF LATIF; SOHAIL NOOR; QAZI MUHAMMAD, SHARIF; MUHAMMAD NAJEEBULLAH Abstract: ndustrial textile processing comprises the operation of pretreatment, dyeing printing and finishing. These production processes produce a substantial amount of chemical pollution. Textile finishing’s wastewater, especially dye house effluent, contain different classes of organic dyes, chemicals and auxiliaries. They are colored and have extreme pH, COD and BOD values, and contain different salts, surfactants, heavy metals and mineral oils. Therefore, dye bath effluents have to be treated before being discharge into the environment or municipal wastewater reservoir. This paper presents the review of different techniques currently used for the treatment of textile effluent, which are based on carbon adsorption, filtration, chemical precipitation, photo degradation, biodegradation and electrolytic chemical treatment. Membrane Technology has also been applied with the objective of recovering dyes and water. Biological processes could be adopted as a pre-treatment decolorization step, combined with conventional treatment system (e.g. coagulation- flocculation, adsorption on activated carbon) to reduce the COD and BOD, an effective alternative for use by the textile dyeing industries. Electrochemical oxidation is an efficient process for the removal of colour and total organic carbon in reactive dyes textile wastewater. The ozonation is effective for decolorization of several dyes of different classes. Practical application of this process is feasible by treating industrial textile effluent after biological treatment. Processes using membranes technique, very interesting possibilities of separating hydrolyzed dyestuffs, dyeing auxiliaries and reuse treated wastewater in different finishing operation of textile industries.

Extraction Efficiency of Water, Ethanol and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Amide Content from Fruit of Piper sarmentosum using Colorimetry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2023-09-27T03:32:12Z

Title: Extraction Efficiency of Water, Ethanol and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Amide Content from Fruit of Piper sarmentosum using Colorimetry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Authors: KHALID HUSSAIN; ZHARI ISMAIL; AMIRIN SADIKUN; PAZILAH IBRAHIM Abstract: Extraction is important for both natural product research and preparation of extracts to be used as raw materials for phytopharmaceuticals. Selection of a suitable solvent as well as type of extraction is prerequisite to prepare extracts enriched with particular type of compounds with peculiar activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the extraction efficiency of water, ethanol and supercritical CO2 for amides from fruit of Piper sarmentosum using colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pulverized fruit material was extracted by reflux using water and ethanol, and supercritical CO2 at 60 °C and operating pressure of 3000, 4000, 6000, 7000 and 8000 psi. The colorimetric analysis indicated that except the water extracts, total amide content in different extracts was not significantly different (P<0.05). Similarly, HPLC analysis using pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine as markers indicated that except water extracts, total content of the markers in different extracts was not significantly different (P<0.05). These results indicate that extraction efficiency of ethanol for amides is comparable to that of supercritical CO2. Hence, ethanol may be used to prepare amide enriched extracts without using costly equipment and operating expertise

Biological Activities of Various Crude Fractions of Solanum xanthocarpum's Fruits

2023-09-26T09:33:47Z

Title: Biological Activities of Various Crude Fractions of Solanum xanthocarpum's Fruits Authors: HAMID ULLAH, SHAH; ZAHIDA WASIL; ANWAR ALI, SHAD; TAHIRA MAHMOOD; RASOOL KHAN; MUHAMMAD IQBAL, CHOUDHARY Abstract: Crude methanolic, and non-alkaloidal chloroform, hexane and methanol extracts of the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum, were tested for their in vitro antifungal, antibacterial, leishminicidal, insecticidal, cytotoxic and antiglycation activities. Crude non-alkaloid methanol extract showed highest activity against T. longifuses and M. canis, non-alkaloidal chloroform extract was found active against A. flavus while all other fractions showed weak activities or found inactive. Crude methanolic extract was found moderately active against S. Typhi while, all the other fractions were found inactive against all the bacterial cultures. Crude methanolic extract showed moderate cytotoxicity while all the other fractions were non cytotoxic. No insecticidal activity was found in any fraction, while, crude methanolic fraction exhibited moderate anti-glycation and leishminicidal activities.

Cinerascenone, A New Flavonoid from Vernonia cinerascens

2023-09-26T09:30:30Z

Title: Cinerascenone, A New Flavonoid from Vernonia cinerascens Authors: IRSHAD AHMAD; BASHIR AHMAD, CHAUDHARY; KHALID HUSSAIN, JANBAZ Abstract: Cinerascenone 1 [7-{(4-hydroxybenzoyl)chrysoeriol}] a new flavonoid along with quercetin and 3'-methylquercetin have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Vernonia cinerascens. The structures were assigned based on 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra (DEPT), 2D NMR analyses (COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments) in combination with HRMS experiments and comparison with literature data of related compounds.