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Knowledge and Attitudes towards Perceived Causes of Infertility and Adoption of Child among Infertile Couples: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study.

2023-05-30T08:31:04Z

Title: Knowledge and Attitudes towards Perceived Causes of Infertility and Adoption of Child among Infertile Couples: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study. Authors: Huma Shahid; Anila Kamal; Sana Younas Abstract: To investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward perceived causes of infertility and adoption of child among infertile couples in Pakistan Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Public hospitals, private hospitals, and private clinics in Lahore, from December, 2009 to April, 2010. Intervention: A total of 100 infertile couples (20 to 55 years), diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility were recruited via purposive sampling from public and private hospitals and clinics of Lahore. Interview was used for the evaluation of knowledge and attitudes toward perceived causes of infertility and adoption of child among infertile couples. Results: About 40.68% couples reported the cause of infertility to be problems in husband. The reasons were low sperm count, lack of sexual desire, and erectile dysfunction. The highest percentage of couples, 69.51% mentioned the cause as problem within female. The reasons given were irregular menstrual cycle, late age marriage of wife, and psychological sufferings (stress, anxiety, and depression). 40.24% mentioned the cause as unexplained/ idiopathic although they were seeking treatment from infertility clinics whereas 32.92% was of those couples who reported the cause of infertility as problem within both husband and wife. 77% women showed interest in adoption of child. Conclusion: Men and women should be provided with adequate information on infertility and the need for both partners to seek treatment. The need is to create awareness among common masses in general and infertile couples in particular that it is not only the woman who is responsible.

Critical Conditions LEading to Empyema Thoracis Among Patients in Thoraic Surgery Ward, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar.

2023-05-30T08:26:02Z

Title: Critical Conditions LEading to Empyema Thoracis Among Patients in Thoraic Surgery Ward, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Authors: Tahir Aslam; Amer Bilal; Abdul Baseer; Abid Khan; Manzoor Ahmad; Salam, Arslan Ahmed Abstract: Emphysema Thoracis, an infectious condition is a historically recognized clinical problem with annual incidence of up to 80,000 cases worldwide. Despite the advent of effective antibiotics it has considerably high morbidity and mortality in the population especially in low resource settings. Objective: To determine underlying critical conditions leading to empyema thorasic among the patients admitted in Thoracic surgery ward, Peshawar. Study type settings & duration: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from June 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: Convenient sampling was done. After taking the informed consent, 112 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Mean age of study participants was 52±6.72 years, while mean duration of disease was 5±1.64 years. Majority of the patients 62 (55.35%) belonged to age group 46-60 years while 50 (44.64%) patients were in age group of 18-45 years. Males were more frequently affected with 77 (68.75%) cases while 35 (31.25%) patients were female. As per common conditions, 74 (66.07%) patients had diabetes, 15 (13.39%) patients had HCV, 06 (5.35%) patients had renal failure, 10 (8.92%) patients had neoplasia and 07 (6.25%) patients had history of immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusion: This study has detected several conditions that lead to the emphysema thoracis in our setup; however the most common among them is diabetes. To be more conclusive, multi-centered cohort study is required.

Meta-analysis of Irsin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

2023-05-30T08:20:27Z

Title: Meta-analysis of Irsin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Authors: Fatima, Syedia Sadia; Martins, Russell Seth; Ali, Syed Adnan Abstract: Irisin is known as a miracle myo-adipokine that is secreted by skeletal muscle and fat tissue that increases insulin sensitivity. Current literature supports its role as a pathogenic agent in development of gestational diabetes; however, others have reported little or no difference between the two groups. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to compare Irisin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies and non-GDM control pregnancies. A detailed literature search was carried via electronic databases, such as Medline, PubMed, and EMBase, for current related papers dating from January 1, 2017 over the last ten years. Only papers published in English were selected. Meta-analysis was preformed according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Effect size and relative weights for each study were estimated and results of individual and combined effect size were plotted in the forest plots. p values <0.05 were regarded to be significant. In most studies, irisin levels in GDM were significantly lower, as compared to the control group. This level favored development of GDM in these subjects. This was confirmed by the forest plot report and contour-enhanced funnel plot of trials compared the GDM and Control group for effect estimates and standard error [I-V pooled SMD -0.482 (95%CI -0.610 to -0.353); Heterogeneity Chi2 = 54.53 (d.f. = 7) p = 0.000; I2 (variation in SMD attributable to heterogeneity) = 87.2%; Test of SMD = 0: z =7.32 p =0.000]. Lower circulating Irisin can contribute to hyperglycemic disorders such as GDM, through a collective loss of its normal anti-diabetic mechanisms. This revelation paves the way for research into the use of recombinant Irisin as treatment or prevention of GDM, so that the prevalence of GDM and its maternal and fetal consequences may be reduced.

Treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder With Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: A Case Study.

2023-05-30T08:15:50Z

Title: Treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder With Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: A Case Study. Authors: Bukhari, Syeda Razia; Firdous Afzal Abstract: Death of loved one has put MS. HG in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which incapacitates her physical, emotional, cognitive functioning for last three months after the traumatic loss. Present research was conducted to find out the either cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) was useful for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Standardized assessment tools and clinical interview intake were used for assessment. Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) and post traumatic stress symptoms Interview scale (PSSI) were used for establishing pre-post treatment measurement. Patient has severe level of PTSD before treatment, and after treatment her symptoms reduce to moderate level, and were fully remitted at one-month follow-up session after receiving trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy. Trauma focused CBT techniques trauma narration and cognitive reprocessing techniques found effectual in treating symptoms of trauma (nightmares, excessive worry, irritability, inability to experience positive emotion, negative cognition about trauma). While behavioral activation helped client in improving interpersonal relationship and overall mental health.