http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/12984 2026-04-13T20:38:04Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15864 Title: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME SEAWEED EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS Authors: REHMAN, ALIYA; RANI, KIRAN; AHMED, FARMAN; SOLANGI, BARKAT ALI; PERVEZ, KASHIF Abstract: The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of some seaweed extract commonly found in the coastal area of Karachi, Pakistan. Eight different species of seaweeds were used in the present study including two members of chlorophycota (Chaetomorpha antennina and Codium iyengarii), four members of phaeophycota (Colpomenia sinousa, Iyengaria stellata, Padina tetrastromatica and Stoechospermum marginatum) and two members of rhodophycota (Gracilaria corticata and Sloeiria robusta). Antimicrobial assessment of these extracts was performed by disc diffusion method against common human pathogens including gram negative bacterium (Escherichia coli), gram positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strain (Candida albicans). The experimental results reveal that the extract and colorant yield percentage were maximum in red seaweed, mediocre with brown seaweed and least in green seaweeds samples. The extract form Iyengaria stellata was highly effective against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The present finding reveals that the tested seaweed extracts were highly active against fungal strain than bacteria. The utilization of these seaweed extract could be used a promising source of pharmaceutical agent. 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13461 Title: ANXIOLYTIC EFFECT OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS IN AN OPEN FIELD TEST AT DIFFERENT DOSES Authors: AHMED, SAIMA; ASADULLAH, MUHAMMAD; WAHID, SHAHANA; SARFARAZ, SANA; HASSAN, FOUZIA Abstract: Anxiety is a mental condition characterized by symptoms of agitation that impairs the life of a person. Available anxiolytics have variable efficacy which emphasizes the need of newer anxiolytic agents. To explore newer anxiolytics herbal medicines are the first approach of drug discovery. The current study was designed to detect the anxiolytic effect of methanolic extract of seeds of Tribulus terrestris. The anxiety model used was open field test. The selected doses were 50mg/Kg, 100mg/Kg and 200mg/Kg and standard drugs Diazepam 1 mg/Kg and Buspirone 5mg/Kg were administered orally in albino mice. The results have shown that it possess significant anxiolytic activity at dose 100mg/Kg as compared to control and insignificant effects compared to diazepam and buspirone. For exact mechanism and complete CNS effects, further studies should be performed on seeds of T. terrestris 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13456 Title: CORRECTIVE MEASURES OF THE PAKISTAN GOVERNMENT AGAINST AN INVINCIBLE XDR TYPHOID FEVER INFILTRATING THE SOUTHERN PAKISTAN Authors: KHADIM, SUMAIRA; ABIDI, SHAMA; JAVED, AQSA; KHAN, FILZA; RAEES, HAFSA; NASIR, IQRA; SHAHID, JAVERIA; SYED, SHAZIA Abstract: Salmonella.typhi a typhoid causing organism, has developed resistance to oral first line (Ampicillin and Flouroquinolones) and oral third line antibiotics (Chloramphenicol) due to enzymatic and genetic changes. As a result XDR Fever as an epidemic has taken the world by storm with its vivid target of engulfing the mortals and resist towards countless medical therapies. Here, a set of medical regime with precautions are being posed to let the steam out and control the disease. Diverse variety of journal with articles over the subject disease has been scrutinized to get a clear picture of the epidemic from year 2007 till 2020. Following credible databases have been probed: Pub med, ASM Journal, NEJM organization, Oxford Academy, Cidrap, ReAct, Sciencemeg, New England Journal of Medicine. On the basis of literature evaluation, up till now 17756 cases have been observed in Southern part of Pakistan regarding XDR typhoid among which 2000 cases are reported to be fatal. The frequently prescribed treatment against XDR are Azithromycin and/or Carbapanem, while many other drugs with increased immunity and better treatment are available which are unaffordable for Pakistan. To avoid antibiotic resistance, Pakistan should start Antimicrobial resistance program (AMR program) as well as Anti-microbial stewardship program (ASP). 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13452 Title: VASODILATOR, BRONCHODILATOR AND SPASMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF SPILANTHES ACMELLA Authors: MUMTAZ, ASMA; SAQIB, FATIMA; HUSSAIN SHAH, SYED NISAR; ZABTA CH, MUHAMMAD; FEO, V. DE; JABEEN, NAILA Abstract: BSTRACT Spilanthes acmella Murr. (Sa. Murr) is belong to family asteraceae known as akarkara in common language and widely distributed perennial herb in South Asia (particularly in India and Pakistan); customarily used by local population for the management of multiple illnesses including gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders but commonly used for toothache and to stimulate flow of saliva, tongue paralysis and sore mouth and the present study was undertaken to validate these folkloric uses. The application of a methanol extract of the plant (Sa. Murr) to isolated rabbit jejunum preparation exhibited relaxation through decrease in magnitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. The (Sa. Murr.) also exerted relaxant effect on high K+ (80 mM) induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations. The (Sa. Murr.) also caused concentration-dependent relaxation in spontaneous and K+ (80 mM) induced contractions which are comparable to effect produced by verapamil. The (Sa. Murr.) caused shifting of the Ca2+-curves toward right, suggesting the presence of a Ca2+ channel blocking activity. Subsequently, the Sa. Murr., caused relaxation of CCh (1 μM) and K+ (80 mM) induced contractions in isolated rabbit tracheal preparations, suggesting that the observed relaxant effect can be mediated through anti-muscarinic and/or Ca2+ channel blocking activities. The Sa. Murr. tested against phenylephrine (PE; 1 μM) and K + (80 mM) induced contractions exhibited relaxation of isolated rabbit aortic preparations. The above-mentioned studies provided a scientific basis for the folkloric use of Spilanthes acmella Murr. in the management of multiple ailments in traditional systems of medicines. 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z