http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14288 2026-04-24T07:34:49Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16327 Title: Natural antiemetics: An overview Authors: Salman Ahmed; Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan; Syed Waseemuddin Ahmed Abstract: : Emesis encompasses the forceful expulsion of the contents of stomach via the mouth or sometimes the nose. The adverse effects of currently available anti-emetic agents potentiate the natural product researchers to explore the natural anti-emetics with fewer side effects. The presented communication constitutes a review on anti-emetic effect of two hundred and forty five plants belonging to seventy-eight families found in different parts of the world. It also outlined the anti-emetic effect of plant extracts and isolated secondary metabolites studied through a variety of animal models of emesis. The reported anti-emetic plants in different countries and cultures and the scientific studies on extracts may help in the identification of promising single chemical compound(s) that may be used as a potential leads for developing safe anti-emetic agents in future. Moreover the reported secondary metabolites having the same effect may open the door for the search of same secondary metabolites from other natural sources. This review will provide useful information for the discovery of natural anti-emetic compounds and fill the gaps in knowledge. 2014-09-27T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16326 Title: Comprehensive review on therapeutic strategies of gouty arthritis Authors: Muhammad Akram; Khan, Usmanghani; Iqbal Ahmed; Iqbal Azhar; Abdul Hamid Abstract: Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for treatment of gouty arthritis since ancient times. Herbs and plants always have been used in the treatment of different diseases such as gout. The present article deals with the therapeutic strategies and options for the cure of gouty arthritis. Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical textbooks and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases. In this article a detailed introduction, classification, epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of gout with reference to modern and Unani system of medicines have been discussed. It is also tried to provide a list of plants used in the treatment of gout along with their formulations used in Unani system of medicine. The herbs and formulations have been used in different systems of edicine particularly Unani system of medicines exhibit their powerful role in the management and cure of gout and rthritis. Most of herbs and plants have been chemically evaluated and some of them are in clinical trials. Their results are magnificent and considerable. However their mechanisms of actions are still on the way. 2014-09-26T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16325 Title: REPORT Screening for toxigenic Escherichia coli in stool samples of diarrhoeal patients by polymerase chain reaction Authors: Benish Nawaz; Anum AlI; Muhammad Noman Syed; Khan, Abdul Basit Abstract: Escherichia coli (E. coli) are normal flora of the intestines of most animals, including humans. Most strains are harmless and beneficial to host by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine. However, some E. coli strains can cause a wide variety of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, such as diarrhoea, urinary tract infections, septicaemia, neonatal meningitis and renal complications. Several virulence factors including toxins, adhesins, serine proteases, etc. have been reported in these highly adapted clones. The present study was designed to enumerate toxin genotype through PCR assay in local clinical isolates of E. coli. A total of 37 E. coli strains were collected from different clinical laboratories of Karachi and examined for the presence of shiga toxin 1 (stx1) and shiga toxin 2 (stx2) genes of Eenterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC) and heat stable (st) and healt labile (lt) toxin genes of enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC). It was observed that 16 strains out of 37 carried one or more type of toxin genes. The presence of stx1 gene was significantly higher as it was positive in 10 isolates compared to others toxins. Two in above stx1 positive strains were also carrying for stx2 gene. Six out of 37 isolates were positive for lt gene, and none of the strains are carrying st gene. Although, the study was carried out with fewer isolates, yet it demonstrated the trend of dispersion of toxin genes and findings can be used to correlate the gastro-intestinal infections and their complications in Pakistan. 2014-09-25T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16324 Title: REPORT Antibacterial potential of Calotropis procera (flower) extract against various pathogens Authors: Abid Ali; Asma Ansari; Shah Ali Ul Qader; Majid Mumtaz; Tabassum Mahboob Abstract: : Increased bacterial resistance towards commonly used antibiotics has become a debated issue all over the world in a last few decades. Due to this, consumer demand towards natural anti-microbial agents is increasing day by day. Natural anti-microbial agents have gained enormous attention as an alternative therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical industry. Current study is an effort to explore and identify a bactericidal potential of various solvent extracts of Calotropis procera flower. Flowers of C. procera were extracted with hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate and aqua to evaluate the antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against the various human pathogens. The microorganisms used in this study includes Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Micrococcus luteus KIBGE-IB20 (Gen Bank accession: JQ250612) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) KIBGE-IB23 (Gen Bank accession: KC465400). Zones of inhibition were observed against all four pathogenic strains. Fraction soluble in hexane showed broad spectrum of inhibition against all the studied pathogens. However, fractions soluble in ethyl acetate inhibited the growth of E. coli, MRSA, and M. luteus. In case of butanol and aqueous extracts only growth of M. luteus was inhibited. Results revealed that the flower extracts of C. procera have a potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against these pathogenic organisms. 2014-09-24T00:00:00Z