http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/17209 2026-02-23T23:55:39Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18698 Title: PHASE AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HAZARA BARITE, PAKISTAN Authors: Sajjad Ali; Yaseen Iqbal Abstract: Barite is an industrially precipitated mineral and is used in the drilling oil and gas wells. In the present study, barite samples collected from Hazara division of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The major phases identified in these samples by XRD are of barium strontium sulfate with sulfur as the second phase. SEM of the examined samples revealed the presence of irregular shaped micro-regions along with minor grains of quartz. The elemental analysis through SEM EDS confirmed that all the samples comprise 74-76 wt% Ba along with small amounts (26-24 wt %) of Sulfur and Strontium. 2011-12-05T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18697 Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF DOLOMITE FROM SWABI, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA FOR ITS USE AS A RAW MATERIAL IN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION Authors: Muhammad Fahad; Yaseen Iqbal; Rick Ubic Abstract: The potential of dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 from the Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a raw material in fertilizer production was investigated in this paper. Dolomite was found as a major mineral phase when investigated via X-ray diffractometer (XRD). This was fully supported by Xray fluorescence (XRF) results. TGA analysis indicated that the dolomite phase decomposes at about 774oC when it treated with heat. Temperature usually plays a significant role in producing MgO and CaO from dolomite. The magnesium oxide produced during the decomposition process can be allowed to react with nitric acid to produce magnesium nitrite, which is a type of fertilizer that is widely used in agriculture. Because of the high content of the magnesium in local dolomite, it can be used as raw materials in fertilizer production. 2011-12-04T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18696 Title: AN OVERVIEW OF OSMOTIC POWER GENERATION AND ITS SCOPE IN PAKISTAN Authors: Syed Waqar Hasan; Syed Faraz Hasan Abstract: The need of introducing innovative power generation methods is increasing rapidly worldwide. The conventional fuel driven methods not only require heavy financial investments, they have also been held responsible for many natural calamities faced by the human population. While the research on better utilizing the renewable resources such as wind, tidal and wave energy etc is underway, the Osmotic Power has been commercially introduced as a new fuel-free energy resource. The energy in the osmotic power is derived from the difference in salt concentration between the fresh water and the salt water. In this paper, we take an in-depth look into the technical details of the osmotic power generation. We identify some of the geographical locations alongside the country’s coast that can be ideal for setting up an osmotic power station. We also evaluate the osmotic potential in the sea water on the coast of Karachi with the help of laboratory tests and mathematical estimation. According to our estimation, the osmotic potential in Karachi’s sea water is comparable to that available in the first commercial osmotic power plant. 2011-12-03T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18695 Title: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLETELY SOLUBLE POLYPYROLE SALTS VIA INVERSE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION USING A MIXTURE OF CHLOROFORM AND 2- BUTANOL AS A DISPERSING MEDIUM Authors: Mohammad Sohail; Salma Bilala; Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shah Abstract: Polypyrole (PPy) is one of the most promising candidates for possible technological applications. However, its insolubility in common organic solvents limits its range of applications. In the present study an attempt has been made to synthesize soluble polypyrole salt via inverse polymerization pathway using benzoyl peroxide as oxidant and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as dopant as well as a surfactant. A mixture of chloroform and 2-butanol was used as dispersion medium for the first time for the synthesis of polypyrole. The influence of synthesis parameters such as concentration of pyrrole, benzoyl peroxide and DBSA on the yield and other properties of the resulting PPy salt was studied. The synthesized PPy salt was found to be completely soluble in DMSO, DMF, m-cresol, chloroform and in a mixture of toluene and 2-propanol. The synthesized polymer salt was also characterized with SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy and TGA. The extent of doping of the PPy salt was determined from UV-Vis spectra. The activation energy for the degradation of the polymer was calculated with the help of TGA. 2011-12-02T00:00:00Z