http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19267 2026-04-23T00:17:23Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19602 Title: Effects of Tocopherols on Oxidative Stability of Margarine Authors: MARYAM AZIZKHANI; ABOLFAZL KAMKAR; AMIR SASAN MOZAFFARI NEJAD Abstract: Tocopherols are the most important natural antioxidants which are now added to edible oils. Each individual tocopherol (α, γ and δ) was added to the oil phase of margarine in 0 (control), 100, 250, and 500 ppm. Antioxidative activity was evaluated through oven test (at 60 ± 1 º C in 5 days and measuring peroxide value and anisidine value) and Ransimat test (110 ± 1 º C). Antioxidative activity increased progressively as concentration of δ-tocopherol increased. As the concentration of γ-tocopherol increased from 0 to 100, and 250 ppm, oxidation of oil phase decreased. At 500 ppm, α-tocopherol acted as a prooxidant and γ-tocopherol did not have any noticable effect, but δ-tocopherol acted as an antioxidant.The order of antioxidative activity of tocopherols was: α- < γ- < δ-. 2011-02-04T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19601 Title: Effects of Probiotic on the Intestinal Morphology with Special Reference to the Growth of Broilers Authors: GHOSIA LUTFULLAH; TASLEEM AKHTAR; IRSHAD AHMAD; MUHAMMAD MUZAFFAR ALI KHAN KHATTAK; FAZAL-E-RAZIQ DURRANI; MUHAMMAD SUBHAN QURESHI Abstract: The probiotic (Protexin)® increases the growth rate in broilers. It must interfere with the intestinal cell morphology and absorption. The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly renewed tissues in the body and is renewed by a process of continuous cell division. This study was carried out with an aim to establish a link between the use of probiotic doses, growth rate, and intestinal cell proliferation by measuring the length and weight of the intestine and intestinal crypt cell proliferation (CCP) of broiler chicks. The results revealed significant increase in intestinal CCP but no effect was observed on the intestinal weight and length. The increase in CCP has also no significant influence towards growth factor. The increased weight gain in this study is associated with more feed consumption which is observed with Protexin® dose 1.0 g / 10 kg of feed. Furthermore, feed consumption reduced beyond this dose may lead to reduced weight gain. 2011-02-03T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19600 Title: Cytotoxic Activity of Some Pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]Triazines Against Human Cancer Cell Lines[1] Authors: MOJZYCH, MARIUSZ Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential cytotoxic effect of some synthesized pyrazolo[4,3-e] [1,2,4]triazine derivatives against four different tumor cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), H460 (non-small cell lung cancer cells), and Colo205 (colorectal adenocarcinoma). Cytotoxic effect was measured using MTT reduction assay. Several compounds demonstrated significant broad cytotoxic activity in low micromolar range. The screened pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines were obtained in direct condensation of 5-acyl-1,2,4-triazines with hydrazine or its derivatives under acidic conditions in good yield. The mode of cyclocondensation is considerably dependent on the electronic nature of a phenyl ring substituent of the aromatic hydrazones: electron-donating substituents favor the cyclization in shorter time contrary to electronwithdrowing substituents which work favorable for the formation of pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines in longer time. Nucleophilic substitution of methylsulfonyl group in the position 5 takes place with O-, N- and C-nucleophiles to yield related substitution products in high yields. 5-Hydrazino derivative 6 (Nu = NH-NH2, R2 = CH3, R3 = Ph) is useful for the preparation of 7, 8 and 9. Alkylation of the N-1 unsubstituted 4 (R1 = SCH3, R2 = CH3, R3 = H) provided mixture of 10 and 11. 2011-02-03T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19599 Title: Proximate Composition, Minerals and Vitamins Content of Selected Vegetables Grown in Peshawar Authors: JAVED ABBAS BANGASH; MUHAMMAD ARIF; KHAN, FAIZULLAH; KHAN, FARIDULLAH; AMIN-UR-RAHMAN; IQBAL HUSSAIN Abstract: Ten vegetables namely Pot purslane, Spinach, Turnip, Garlic, Mustard (Sarson), Radish, Bitter gourd, Lady finger, Bath sponge and Brinjal were analyzed for their proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that almost all vegetables contain appreciable amount of essential nutrients. The maximum content of moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash recorded in these vegetables was (92.50 %, 26.88 %, 5.0%, 0.40%, 1.4% and 1.9%), respectively, with a minimum content (66.80 %, 3.91 %, 0.7%, 0.08%, 0.4% and 0.38%), respectively. Maximum concentration of macro minerals K, Ca, Mg, and Na, observed was (400, 210, 109, and 55) mg/100 g, respectively, with a minimum concentration (26, 15, 17, and 10) mg/100 g, respectively. Maximum concentration of micro minerals Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr observed was (29, 0.33, 3.05, 1.70, and 0.36) mg/100 g with a minimum concentration (2, 0.05, 0.43, 0.21, and 0.06) mg/100 g, respectively. Maximum concentration of water soluble vitamins i.e. thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid recorded was (0.280, 0.190, 0.69, and 65) mg/100 g with a minimum concentration (0.011, 0.015, 0.23, and 4.00) mg/100 g, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that consumption of vegetables in different combinations could provide a reasonable daily recommended amount of essential nutrients for the maintenance of healthy life and normal body functioning. 2011-02-03T00:00:00Z