http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19279 2026-02-24T13:52:12Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19915 Title: Obesity: A Road to the Type 2 Diabetes Authors: MUHAMMAD ANWAR WAQAR; SANA AIJAZ; SOHAIL SHAUKAT Abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the increase. Among the other factors, obesity is considered to be a major contributor in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes by disturbing the metabolic regulators of the body. These regulators are certain hormones and peptides produced in the adipocytes and control the intermediary metabolism of the body. These regulators regulate the lipid load up to a certain level and beyond that complication arises. Diabetes mellitus is one of the complications among others. This article reviews the roles and mechanisms of action of these regulators under the influence of lipid load and discusses the factors affecting the rehabilitation of the regulators. 2010-10-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19914 Title: Modified Synthesis of Phenolic Novolac by Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Authors: XU JUNMING; JIANG JIANCHUN; DAI WEIDI; SUN YUNJUAN Abstract: The possibility of synthesis of fast curing phenolic novolac has been studied under the catalyst of HCl/ Zn(AC)₂ . Synthesis of high-ortho novolac resins modified with different concentration (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt %) of biomass pyrolysis oil have been performed according to the reaction conditions of novolac production from pure phenol and formaldehyde. Curing reaction of resins indicated that resins modified with biomass pyrolysis oil (10 wt %) provide fast curing property with cure time ranges from 40 to 50 s and suitable softening point range from 85 °C,-95 °C,. The structure of fast curing novolac was characterized by FT-IR and DSC. 2010-10-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19913 Title: GC-MS Analysis of n-hexane Extract from Seeds and Leaves of Phoenix dactylifera L. Authors: SUMBUL AZMAT; REHANA IFZAL; MUNAWWER RASHEED; FARYAL VALI; VIQAR UDDIN AHMAD Abstract: n-hexane extract of Phoenix dactylifera L (Date Palm) seeds and leaves was analyzed through capillary GC-MS. The compounds were identified by comparison of GC-MS spectrum with library searches. A total of forty one compounds were identified from date palm seeds and leaves. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were found to be the major components from seeds while leaves extract contain fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) along with an isopropyl ester of hexadecanoic acid. The seeds extract was also found to contain some steroids and terpenoids, It is the first report of isopropyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids found in date palm leaves. Altogether twenty seven compounds are reported for the first time from date palm. 2010-10-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19912 Title: Role of Plant Growth Regulators on oil yield and biodiesel production of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L) Authors: FAIZANULLAH; ASGHARI BANO; ASIA NOSHEEN Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) viz. kinetin (K), chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and salicylic acid (SA) on seed yield, oil content and oil quality of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L) cv. Chandni with a new perspective to biodiesel production. The growth regulators (10⁻⁶M) were applied as seed soaking for 10 h prior to cultivation. Kinetin significantly increased the number of capsules/plant, seed number/capsule, 1000 seed weight and total seed yield (kg/h). The growth regulators increased the seed oil content maximum being in kinetin and CCC treatments. Kinetin and CCC significantly decreased the oil acid value, free fatty acid content (% oleic acid) and increased the pH of oil. Nevertheless, SA significantly decreased the oil specific gravity and did not alter the pH. Only kinetin significantly increased the oil iodine value. The oil extracted from seeds of kinetin and CCC treated plants showed maximum conversion (% w/w) to methyl esters/biodiesel after transesterfication. It can be inferred that PGRs can be utilized successfully for improving the biodiesel yield of linseed. 2010-10-20T00:00:00Z