http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/12907 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:43:33 GMT 2026-04-06T16:43:33Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15865 Title: EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN Authors: NASIM, WAJID; AHMAD, ASHFAQ; MOHKUM HAMMAD, HAFIZ; JAVED CHAUDHARY, HASSAN; FAROOQ HUSSAIN MUNIS, MUHAMMAD Abstract: Two years field study was carried out with the objective to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) on growth, development, yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids under agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan in spring 2008 and 2009. The experiments were laid out in andomized complete block design with split plot arrangement keeping hybrids in the main plots and N levels in the subplots with three replications. The net plot size was 4.2 m x 5.0 m. The results indicated that with increasing N rates, there was also increment in the total dry matter (TDM), grain yield and yield components while the oil content was negatively affected. There was higher grain yield during 2008 as compared to 2009, probably due to more rainfall in the formation of TDM than in the latter stages. Hysun-38 hybrid gave maximum TDM (13.51 t ha-1) and maximum grain yield (3.08 t ha-1). Minimum TDM (11.94 t ha-1) as well as grain yield (2.92 t ha-1) was observed from Hysun-33. Among different N rates, 180 kg ha-1 gave maximum TDM at 14.02 t ha-1 and achene yield at 3.57 t ha-1 than other N rates. Maximum oil content (41.9%) was resulted from Hysun-38 without application of N fertilizer and minimum oil content (38.4%) was observed from N5 treatment where 240 kg N ha-1 was applied. It was concluded that Hysun-38 with 180 kg N ha-1 proved to be better for good yield of sunflower crop under the prevailing semiarid conditions. Tue, 24 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15865 2012-04-24T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15613 Title: THE EFFECTS OF CELLULASE ON CAPSAICIN PRODUCTION IN FREELY SUSPENDED CELLS AND IMMOBILIZED CELL CULTURES OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. Authors: ISLEK, CEMIL; USTUN, A.S.; KOC, E. Abstract: The effect of different concentrations of cellulase on the production of capsaicin in freely suspended cell and immobilized cell cultures of Kahramanmaraş pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.) were studied. Calluses were obtained from in vitro germinated hypocotyl explants of pepper seedlings and cell suspensions were prepared from these calluses. Immobilized cell suspension cultures with calcium alginate and free cell suspension cultures were obtained by using cell suspensions. Elicitor such as cellulase (5-30 µg/ml), was applied both for the free and immobilized cell suspensions and control group without elicitor was prepared. The concentration of capsaicin in freely suspended cells, immobilized cells and their filtrates were identified by HPLC after extraction with ethyl acetate. It was found that the immobilization process had an increasing effect on the capsaicin accumulation. The concentration of capsaicin in the immobilized cells for both control groups and elicitor added samples was higher than the free cells. In general, capsaicin concentration in the filtrate for free cells was higher than the immobilized cells. When all the cellulase and the sampling hours were compared, the highest capsaicin concentration for the immobilized cells was determined as 362,91 µg/g f.w. at the 24th hour for 30 µg/ml cellulase applied samples. Fri, 14 Nov 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15613 2014-11-14T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15612 Title: IN VITRO FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN CULTURE OF DENDROBIUM OFFICINATE KIMURA ET MIGO. (ORCHIDACEAE) Authors: QIAN, XIN; WANG, CAIXIA; OUYANG, TONG; TIAN, MIN Abstract: Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo. is a rare and endangered perennial orchid, which is valued for its attractive flowers and medicinal uses. Its three-to-five-year breeding cycle makes propagation difficult, so we investigated In vitro production of flowers and seeds for this species. Calluses were induced from shoot-tip explants of D. officinate on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with 0.2 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg L-1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Multiple shoots were regenerated after protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were transferred onto the same basal medium with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA. The plantlets, 2-4 cm in height, maintained In vitro were induced to flower, and the highest rates of inflorescence (83.2%) and normal flowers (73.6%) were produced on the MS medium with 15% (v/v) coconut water and 0.1 mg L-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) within 9 weeks. Histological analysis showed the origin of the floral primordial and normal morphologies of the pollen and female organs. The normal flowers were artificially pollinated and capsules developed. Viable seeds were produced and most of them germinated on the MS medium. This reproduction system could be used to study the molecular basis of flowering or to improve plant breeding programs. Thu, 13 Nov 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15612 2014-11-13T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15611 Title: COMBINING ABILITY FOR MATURITY AND PLANT HEIGHT IN BRASSICA RAPA (L.) SSP. DICHOTOMA (ROXB.) HANELT Authors: ADNAN NASIM; FARHATULLAH; NAQIB ULLAH KHAN; SYED MUHAMMAD AZAM; ZEESHAN NASIM; M. AFZAL Abstract: A 5 × 5 F1 diallel cross hybrids of Brassica rapa (L.) ssp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt along with parents were evaluated through combining ability for days to flowering (initiation and completion), days to maturity and plant height. Highly significant differences were recorded for all the traits. Mean squares due to general, specific and reciprocal combining ability were significant for all the traits except plant height for which the latter two components were non-significant. Prevalence of additive (plant height), non-additive (days to flowering completion; days to maturity) and reciprocal effects (days to flowering initiation) were detected. Parental line G-403 was best general combiner for all the traits. The F1 hybrids G-902 × G-265 (days to flowering initiation), G-902 × G-403 (days to flowering completion), G-265 × G-1500 (days to maturity) and G-909 × G-265 (plant height) were superior and may be exploited for future breeding programs. Wed, 12 Nov 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/15611 2014-11-12T00:00:00Z