http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13387 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 05:38:05 GMT 2026-04-04T05:38:05Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13534 Title: MINIMIZATION OF ENERGY CRISIS BY INTRODUCING RANGE EXTENDER IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES – EVALUATION OF BATTERY PACK SIZING AND ENGINE OPTIMIZATION Authors: Arif, S. U. Bin; Javed, Dr. A Abstract: Fossil fuel consumption has been increased rapidly from last couple of decades. It is increasing import of crude oil and air pollution. Pakistan facing energy crisis due to high utilization of burning fuel on national level which has gained prime attention for industries as well as consumers. Individual user is facing fuel cost management issues as fuel prices getting increased. Leaving us behind with an option to think of electric vehicles. Pakistan has been started to import hybrid vehicles on big scale but it is not enough to support everyone‘s needs. A kind of electric vehicle I known as Range Extended Electric Vehicles (REEV) which works with an on board charging device to increase the driving range. The most commonly used range extenders are internal combustion (IC) engines, fuel-cells, and micro gas turbines (MGT). Range extenders based on micro gas turbine (MGT) technology are being promoted in electric vehicles (EV) in order to reduce the battery size and extend the driving range. MGT offers higher power density, fuel flexibility, lower weight and good efficiency (with recuperation) compared to conventional reciprocating engines. MGT facilitates a relatively smaller battery pack, which ultimately can reduce the capital and maintenance cost of electric vehicles. Despite its advantages, MGT incurs small-scale design issues related to component performance, heat transfer between hot and cold sections and manufacturing limitations. In this paper, the design of an MGT has been studied simultaneously with the battery bank size and charging time analogy with an aim to evaluate their conjoint operation. In addition, the influence of MGT small-scale effects on battery pack recharging has been presented. For the study, Gas Turbine Simulation Program (GSP) has been extensively used together with detailed battery pack calculations. Comparison between sizing of the battery and MGT design is a critical outcome of this research. Sat, 19 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13534 2019-01-19T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13533 Title: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION MODELLING IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR OF ISLAMABAD AND RAWALPINDI Authors: Waheed, M. T; Ullah, Kafait; Perwez, U. Bin Abstract: Electricity has been the major issue in Pakistan for last 2 decades and the industrial and commercial sectors have suffered the most from all the energy conundrum. The primary purpose of this study is to understand the nature of electricity consumption modelling in the industrial as well as commercial sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. This study will emphasize the electricity modeling of industrial sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi using Long range energy alternative planning (LEAP). LEAP is an effective tool that is used for modelling over the long span of time. Electricity consumption demand is observed and multiple scenarios have been discussed over the span of 30 years and the result of these scenarios led us to formulate a strategy towards the effective energy policy. These scenarios compelled us to understand the future concerns that could help formulate policies for sustainable development in industrial and commercial sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Fri, 18 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13533 2019-01-18T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13532 Title: FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR A HYBRID MICRO-CHP SYSTEM UTILIZING BIOMASS GASIFICATION AND AN EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR WITH PARABOLIC CONCENTRATORS FOR OFF-GRID COMMUNITIES IN PAKISTAN Authors: Iftikhar, M. A; Zubair, M Abstract: This study investigates the financial feasibility of a hybrid micro scaled combined heat and power system. The hybrid system comprises of a solar thermal module in the form an evacuated tube collector with parabolic concentrators and a combustion module in the form of a biomass gasifier. This hybrid setup has been developed for off-grid areas in Pakistan as an answer to all their energy needs. The system offers both electrical and heat outputs since it offers cogeneration. The electrical load is extracted from a gas generator and the heating load is extracted as hot water. RetScreen4 has been used to evaluate payback period for the system. The analysis encompasses payback simulations for a variety of financial parameters such as inflation rate, biomass fuel cost, initial costs and O&M costs. This characterization hopes to shed light on the changes in the feasibility of the system if during its lifespan there is a change in the financial setting of the end user. Thu, 17 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13532 2019-01-17T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13531 Title: STAPH AND E. COLI ARE THE MAJOR PATHOGENS OF MASTITIS IN BUFFALOS Authors: Niazi, Dr. M. K Abstract: Buffaloes play important role in the economy of country through milk production. Mastitis is a main barrier in the milk production in dairy sector of Pakistan. The aim of this study was to identify the number of cases of mastitis in study area, optimization of PCR for immediate detection of main bacterial pathogens of mastitis, comparison of efficacy of culture method and Polymerase chain reaction. We also aimed to conclude the efficacy of different antibiotic against isolated bacteria and studied the gross and histopathological lesions. For this purpose 100 udder parenchyma tissue sample of slaughtered buffaloes were collected at Lahore abattoir on the basis of sign and symptoms of clinical mastitis. The microbiological analysis, culture method showed staphylococcus aureus as a major pathogen (24%), followed by E. coli (21%) and mixed infection (9%). Cultural identification of major pathogen was confirmed by PCR. Histopathological results in the current study showed epithelial degeneration and necrosis, exudation, proliferation of connective tissue, fragmented alveoli, hyperemia, congestion, atrophied alveoli, infiltration of neutrophil and fibrosis. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed major pathogens were highly sensitive to cefoperazone with sulbactam (90%) and amikacin (42%), but were highly resistant to erythromycin and penicillin (100%). It concludes S. aureus and E. coli are major cause of mastitis and are responsible for various histopathological changes. The major pathogens showed variable rate of sensitivity to different antibiotics disc. These findings help to understand the pathological significance of mastitis, prevention of drug resistance, control and treatment of mastitis. Wed, 16 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/13531 2019-01-16T00:00:00Z