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Risk factors of neonatal mortality in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Wed, 01 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Risk factors of neonatal mortality in Faisalabad, Pakistan Authors: Bhatti, Sajjad Haider; Mamuna, Hiba Izzam; Aftab, Muhammad; Aslam, Muhammad; Aslam, Nosheen; Shah, Syed Muhammad Ali; Ahmed, Hamad; Akram, Muhammad Abstract: The objective of study was to find out major correlates of neonatal mortality. The main focus was in determining the impact of different demographic and health related characteristics of neonates and their mothers. A planned questionnaire was prepared in order to collect the information from mothers of newborns. The data were collected from different public and private hospitals of Faisalabad district. Discharge condition of neonate (dead or alive) was taken as response. Binary logistic regression was applied in order to unveil the impact of different contributory factors on the chances of neonatal mortality. Marriage age of mother, age of mother at baby birth, number of pregnancies, time since last birth, antenatal care, delivery mode, gender of baby, baby weight, baby disease and its nature, domestic violence, baby nutrition and residence were found to be significant factors affecting neonatal mortality. Odds ratio was used as a measure of association. From the results, it can be summed up that marriages at optimal ages, lesser frequency of pregnancies, early initiation of mother feeding, increased care during pregnancy to avoid low birth weight and birth time diseases, and increased facilities of antenatal care in rural areas can effectively reduce the neonatal mortality rates.

Design and content determination of Genhuang dispersible tablet herbal formulation

Wed, 01 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Design and content determination of Genhuang dispersible tablet herbal formulation Authors: Xin, Rui-hua; Liang, Ge; Zheng, Ji-fang Abstract: The aim of the present study was to optimize the shaping technology of the traditional herbal formula Genhuang dispersible tablets, and also establish a method for content determination. The optimal formulation of Genhuang dispersible tablets was determined based on the results of single factor test and orthogonal design test. The disintegration was used as the main study indicator. The proportion of each adjuvant in the optimal formulation consisted of 40% MCC as bulking agent, 15% PVPP and 7% L-HPC as disintegrant, ethanol as adhesive, CSD as lubricant, preparing the dispersible tablets with wet granulation. The content of baicalin in Genhuang dispersible tablets was determined by RP-HPLC method, the C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 10μm) was used, the mobile phase was methanol- water-phosphoric acid (47: 53: 0.2) with the flow rate of 1mL/min, the detection wavelength was at 280 nm and the column temperature was 30.

Development of AD like symptoms following co-administration of AlCl3 and D-gal in rats: A neurochemical, biochemical and behavioural study

Wed, 01 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Development of AD like symptoms following co-administration of AlCl3 and D-gal in rats: A neurochemical, biochemical and behavioural study Authors: Liaquat, Laraib; Ahmad, Saara; Sadir, Sadia; Batool, Zehra; Khaliq, Saima; Tabassum, Saiqa; Emad, Shaista; Madiha, Syeda; Shahzad, Sidrah; Haider, Saida Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with neurochemical and neurobehavioural alterations. Aluminium (Al) is considered as a contributing factor in the etiology of several neurodegenerative disorders like AD. D-galactose (D-gal) is a physiological nutrient but over supply induces some neurochemical and biochemical changes that exacerbate natural aging process. In this study, we aimed to develop AD animal model by co-administration of Al and D-gal in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with AlCl3 and D-gal at a dose of 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg respectively for one week. After one week rats were subjected to behavioural analysis. After behavioural analysis rats were decapitated to remove their brain. Biochemical and neurochemical analysis were conducted in whole brain. AlCl3+D-gal significantly induced depressive and anxious behaviour in rats. Rats cognitive abilities were also significantly impaired following AlCl3 and D-gal co-administration. AlCl3 +D-gal significantly altered antioxidant enzyme activities and biogenic amine levels in whole brain. A marked increase in brain lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity was found in test rats. These findings suggest that co-administration of AlCl3 and D-gal for one week could induce AD like symptoms and may be used to develop AD animal model.

Expression of Twist protein in colorectal carcinoma and its effect on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells

Wed, 01 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Expression of Twist protein in colorectal carcinoma and its effect on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells Authors: Cheng, Chuanyao; Qin, Yaguang; Li, Yanhua; Pan, Jia; Wang, Jianjun Abstract: This paper aims to study Twist protein expression in colorectal carcinoma and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells, and to explore its specific mechanism of promoting cancer. Tissues of 20 patients and specimens of 20 normal people were examined by colonoscopy biopsy; the Twist mRNA expression level was detected by real-time quantitative PCR; the RNA interference in colorectal carcinoma cell line CT-26 cells was performed by lipid transfection method; the effects of Twist interference on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells were observed by CCK8 assay and tran swell assay; the mRNA and protein levels of mRNA in CT-26 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The Twist mRNA level in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding para-carcinoma tissues and control group (P<0.05); Twist mRNA expression level in the cancer tissues combined with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05); the proliferation and migration ability of Twist siRNA transfected CT-26 cells were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); CT-26 cells with Twist interference could significantly decrease the mRNA and protein levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Twist protein can increase the proliferation and migration ability of the colorectal cancer cells, and its mechanism may be related to MMP - 9.