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EFFECTIVENESS OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE (VIAGRATM) AND TADALAFIL (CIALISTM) ON SEXUAL RESPONSES IN SAUDI MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE

Sat, 12 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE (VIAGRATM) AND TADALAFIL (CIALISTM) ON SEXUAL RESPONSES IN SAUDI MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE Authors: TABREZ ALI, SYED Abstract: Satisfaction with the sexual experience is considered important when evaluating the impact of treatments for erectile dysfunction, yet enhanced satisfaction has been infrequently assessed in the sexual trials. We evaluated the efficacy of sildenafil verse tadalafil, in Saudi men with erectile dysfunction and determined the self-based rating of medicinal preference. Sildenafil citrate (ViagraTM) is a potent inhibitor of the electrolytic enzyme type V phosphodiesterase (PDE5), in the corpus cavernosum and therefore increases the penile response to sexual stimulation. Tadalafil (CialisTM) is also a PDE5 inhibitor that increases the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in cavernous smooth muscle cells. Whereas cGMP is a second messenger for the vasodilator effects of nitric oxide causing smooth muscle relaxation, which in turn leads to penile erection; however the mechanism by which cGMP stimulates relaxation of the smooth muscles remains to be elucidated Both sildenafil and tadalafil have a rapid onset with the effectiveness up to 4 hours and 36 hours respectively. In this study subjects treated with 100 mg oral dose of sildenafil / 20 mg tadalafil were found to be associated with higher mean scores for the questions of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Frequency of penetration and maintenance of erection after sexual penetration and/or during masturbation were found to be enhanced significantly (p<0.001) in both sildenafil/tadalafil treated men. Similarly mean domain of erectile function, orgasmic function, and intercourse satisfaction also showed a significantly positive improvement (p<0.001) in both the treated groups in comparison with their age matched untreated controls. Interestingly in all the cases, tadalafil group showed considerably greater positive responses than the sildenafil group but within the same significant levels. Strikingly the sexual-desire domain in sildenafil treated men with respect to their aged matched controls showed a non-significant difference, where as this difference was found to be highly significant in tadalafil treated group. Similarly mean scores for the overall satisfaction domains of the IIEF in comparison with the untreated subjects showed a significant positive response in the sildenafil treated group (p<0.001), where as tadalafil treated group showed a highly significant positive response (p<0.005). These findings suggest that both sildenafil and tadalafil may assist an individual in extending/enhancing the excitement phase or prolonging the sexual interaction. These studies further conclude that there is a major point of difference between the short-acting agent sildenafil and the longer acting tadalafil. This probably allows more choice about the onset of sexual responses with tadalafil than with sildenafil.

HEPATOTOXICITY OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM

Fri, 11 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Title: HEPATOTOXICITY OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM Authors: OE, ETIM; EJ, AKPAN; IF, USOH Abstract: The protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium (GLE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) induced hepatic toxicity was studied. Liver enzymes studied included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotraferase (AST), and alkaline phosphates (ALP). Hepatic injuries involved with possible necrosis which may have contributed to its possible pathogenesis was explored. Administration of toxicant only showed that the ALT level was significantly (P<0.05) increased to 345.83% when compared to control. Pretreatment with Gongronema latifolium extract (GLE) non-significantly (P<0.05) decreased to 13.08% when compared to those treated with toxicant only. Also under experimental conditions, increasing the concentration of Gongronema latifoluim extract (GLE) non-significantly (P<0.05) decreased dose-dependently the level of ALT to 18.20%. The AST level was non-significantly (P<0.05) increased to 41.55% on treatment with toxicant only. Pretreatment with GLE decreased the AST level non-significantly (P<0.05) to 25.76%. No evident increase or decrease in the level of ALP was observed. Treatments with toxicant showed liver cells filled with uniformly distributed dense small fat droplets, large nuclei, inflamed cells and evidence of necrosis and fibrosis. Pretreatment with 100mg/kg of the extract showed microvesicular fatty change with no evidence of inflammation, necrosis or fibrosis. The protective effect of the GLE was more pronounced in ALT and AST. However, the GLE has a strong modulatory effect against the hepatocellular damage induced by carbon tetrachloride.

BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF 1-(m-CHLOROPHENYL)PIPERAZINE (m-CPP) IN A RAT MODEL OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

Thu, 10 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Title: BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF 1-(m-CHLOROPHENYL)PIPERAZINE (m-CPP) IN A RAT MODEL OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA Authors: SAMAD, NOREEN; A HALEEM, MUHAMMAD; J HALEEM, DARAKHSHAN Abstract: The present study was designed to monitor the responsiveness of 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT)-2C receptor in rats treated with haloperidol exhibiting tardive dyskinesia (TD). Results show that haloperidol injected at a dose of 1 mg/kg twice a day for two weeks elicited vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). Which increased in a time dependent manner following the drug administration for 3-5 weeks. The behavioral effects of 1-(mchlorophenyl)piperazine (m-CPP) a 5-HT-2C and 5-HT-1B agonist were monitored 2 days after 5 weeks of saline or haloperidol administration. The results show that hypophagic as well as anxiogenic-like effects of mCPP are greater in repeated haloperidol than repeated saline injected animals, while hypolocomotive effects of m-CPP are not different in repeated saline and haloperidol injected animals. Results are discussed in the context of role of 5-HT-2C receptors in the regulation of the activity of dopaminergic neuron and its possible impact on elicitation of TD.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAPTOPRIL AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Wed, 09 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAPTOPRIL AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS Authors: M EL-SAYED, EL-SAYED; F ABD-ELLAH, MOHAMED; M ATTIA, SABRY Abstract: This study has been initiated to determine whether captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor containing sulfhydryl (-SH) group can protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A single dose of cisplatin (7.5mg/kg bwt) injected i.p. caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels amounting to 402% and 573%, respectively with a marked elevation in lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content (54%), accompanied by a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content (27%) of kidney tissue as compared to control group. In addition, there were marked increases in kidney tissue content of nitric oxide (NO) (43%) and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1) (37%). On the other hand, administration of captopril (60mg/kg bwt, i.p.) 1 h before cisplatin protected the kidney as indicated by restoration of BUN, creatinine, MDA, GSH, NO and ET-1. These results indicate that captopril, an ACEI, has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced damage to kidney. This reflects the beneficial role of captopril in treatment of renovascular hypertention and congestive heart failure; an effect that may be related to its free radicals scavenging and antioxidant effects which are sulfhydryl dependent.