http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14112 Sun, 12 Apr 2026 01:08:55 GMT 2026-04-12T01:08:55Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14160 Title: THE ROLE OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) IN COLON CANCER Authors: A. KHAN, SEHER Abstract: Colon cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Although cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are available to treat the disease, these agents become ineffective as the disease advances to an invasive state. An alternative but viable approach to reduce the incidence of this deadly disease is then, to increase the dietary intake of relatively non-toxic fruits and vegetables. An example of a fruit with antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-atherosclerotic properties is pomegranate. Pomegranate produces anticancer effects in experimental models of lung, prostate and skin cancer. More recently, pomegranate has been found to be anti-carcinogenic in the colon. This communication discusses pomegranate’s effect in colon cancer. Mon, 20 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14160 2009-07-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14158 Title: ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS SPECIE SAT-4 Authors: MUHAMMAD, SYED AUN; AHMAD, SAFIA; HAMEED, ABDUL Abstract: Production of antimicrobial compounds seems to be a general phenomenon for most bacteria. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among key microbial pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Current solutions involve development of a more rationale approach to antibiotic use and discover of new antimicrobials. Bacillus species produce a large number of biological compounds active against bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. The process of production usually involves screening of wide range of microorganisms, testing and modification. Production is carried out using fermentation. Thermophilic spore-forming, gram positive, motile rod bacterial strains were isolated from the Thar Desserts, Sindh Province, Pakistan. These strains were screened and checked for antibacterial activity. The best activity was observed by SAT4 against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The activity was only observed against gram positive bacteria and no activity was seen against Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Thermophilic Bacillus specie SAT4 was found to be active in the fermentation process to produce the antimicrobial agents. Further optimizations of different conditions (time of incubation, media, pH, glucose concentrations, nitrogen concentrations, and temperature) for antimicrobial production by the selected bacterial strain was performed. Agar diffusion assay was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Optimum conditions for the production of antimicrobials by selected isolate were observed to be 48 hour, pH 5, temperature 55°C, 2% glucose and 1.5% nitrogen concentration. This newly isolated bacterial strain has great potential for antimicrobial production at industrial scale. Sun, 19 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14158 2009-07-19T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14157 Title: IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OF CARPOLOBIA LUTEA ROOT Authors: ETTEBONG, ETTE; NWAFOR, PAUL Abstract: Several plants are used in folk medicine to treat infections. Carpolobia lutea, G.Don (Polygalaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used by herbalists in Southern Nigeria against dental and genitourinary infections. The study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Carpolobia lutea root. Four typed cultures of bacteria namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two clinical strains of fungi, namely Candida albicans and Tinea capitis were analyzed using agar well diffusion method. The extracts that showed antimicrobial activity were then tested to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for each bacterial or fungal sample.The ethyl acetate extract gave the widest zone of inhibition (21.0mm) followed by chloroform when tested on E. coli. No inhibition was observed with E.Coli. None of the extracts showed any inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungal strains of Candida albicans and Tinea capitis. The most potent of these extracts was Chloroform extract with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 25mg/ml for bacteria. The phytochemical screening of the root of C. lutea revealed the presence of saponins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, simple sugar and terpenes. Sat, 18 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14157 2009-07-18T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14156 Title: BIOAVAILABILITY OF CIPROFLOXACIN TABLETS IN HUMANS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THE DISSOLUTION RATES Authors: KHALID KHAN, MUHAMMAD; FARID KHAN, MUHAMMAD; KHAN, HAROON; MUSTAFA, G Abstract: Bioavailabilities of seven tablets of ciprofloxacin were determined. The co-rrelation between in-vivo bioavailability parameters and in-vitro dissolution rates were studied. Ciprofloxacin concentration from the blood was determined by microbiological assay technique. The release pattern of ciprofloxacin from tablets, which were determined by dissolution USP paddle method and spectrophotometric method was used to determine the concentration. All the parameters of ciprofloxacin bioavailability i.e., Tmax, Cmax, AUC and absorption rate constant (Ka) showed no significant correlation with dissolution rates at T30%, T50%, T90% and dissolution at 30 mins with aims as in-vivo bioequvalence waiver. The value of dissolution test used as quality tool for predicting in-vivo performance of drug product is significantly enhanced, if the in-vivo – invitro relationship (correlation or association) is established. Fri, 17 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14156 2009-07-17T00:00:00Z