http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/14286 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 08:14:39 GMT 2026-04-23T08:14:39Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16470 Title: REVIEW Comparative evaluation of various solubility enhancement strategies for furosemide Authors: Ghulam Murtaza; Khan, Shujaat Ali; Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq; Izhar Hussain Abstract: Drugs with good solubility exhibit good oral absorption, and subsequently good bioavailability. Thus, most exigent phase of drug development practice particularly for oral dosage forms is the enhancement of drug solubility. This review describes various traditional and novel methodologies proposed for the solubility enhancement of furosemide. For furosemide, solubility and permeability are crucial rate limiting factors to achieve its desired level in systemic circulation for pharmacological response. Thus, problematic solubility of furosemide is one of the main challenges for dosage form developing researchers. Various procedures, illustrated in this review, have been successfully employed to improve the furosemide solubility; however successful improvement essentially depends on the assortment of technique. It is concluded from the results that dissolution rate of drug increases by increasing the quantity of solubility enhancer. Dissolution rate also depends upon the type of enhancer and dissolution medium. In order to achieve relatively enhanced percentage drug release after 30 min (DP30), complexation by solvent evaporation using β-cyclodextrin is the best method. Solid dispersion is found the best if polyethylene glycol is used as enhancer along with microcrystalline cellulose as hydrophilic adsorbent. All the approaches narrated in this article possess good perceptions for additional research i.e. in-vivo studies should be carried out focusing on delivery system development. Fri, 01 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16470 2014-08-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16469 Title: REPORT Effect of phenological stages on nutritional assessment of ten plant species in Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati, District Karak, Pakistan Authors: Musharaf Khan; Farrukh Hussain; Faridullah; Shahana Musharaf; Abid Salim Haider; Imdadullah Abstract: The proximate analysis of ten plant species from Tehsil takht-e-Nasrati, district Karak was conducted at three phenological stages using standard techniques. The species showed variable results. In the test species, the moisture content varied from 2.11-14.12 %, 1.85-11.51 and 1.12-11.51%; the ash contents varied from 3.08-17.16%, 5.09-18.12% and 6.13-19.09%; the fibre contents varied from 2.14-11.09%, 2.43-12.31% and 2.78-13.01%; the carbohydrate contents varied from 54-85.1%, (50-84.1) and 47.1-81.1%; the fat contents varied from 1.06-5.46%, 1.09-5.98% and 1.56- 6.57 %; the protein contents varied from 2.11-12.41%, 3.14-15.87% and 4.12-18.54%; the energy value varied from 305.12- 394.23 KCal/100g, 314.21-423.13 KCal /100g and 321.23-434.26 KCal /100g at vegetative stage, reproductive stage and post reproductive stage respectively. Proximate analysis of such plant species can help us to determine the health benefits achieved from their use in society. It is concluded that the poor livestock productivity in research area is partially due to insufficient amount of available poor quality forage that requires attention of the range mangers to improve the habitat and livestock breeds. Wed, 30 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16469 2014-07-30T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16468 Title: REPORT Preliminary phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Euphorbia milli Authors: Abdur Rauf; Khan, Ajmal; Nizam Uddin; Muhammad Akram; Mohammad Arfan; Muhammad Qaisar Abstract: Euphorbia milii is a Pakistani herb used for various infectious diseases. In this study we have carried out phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant investigation of different extracts/fractions. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, steroids/phytosterols, anthocyanin, proteins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. Susceptibility testing by well diffusion assay of its chloroform and methanol fractions revealed good antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staph epidermis. Ethyl acetate fraction of roots also exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against most of tested pathogens. Various fractions (Hexane, chloroform, methanol and water) of E. milii were screen for their antioxidant potential using DPPH radical scavenging assay at different concentrations among these, chloroform fraction exhibited good scavenging activity. The IR spectroscopy of the various extracts/fractions indicated the presence of OH, saturated CH stretching, C=C, C=O, NO2, C-N, Ar-O, C-O- and R-OStretching respectively. The findings provide helpful evidence for the use of E. milii in traditional medicines. Tue, 29 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16468 2014-07-29T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16466 Title: REPORT Antimicrobial potentials of Mentha longifolia by disc diffusion method Authors: Jehan Bakht; Salma Shaheen; Mohammad Shafi Abstract: This study was conducted for the assessment of the antimicrobial activities of different solvents extracted samples from the aerial parts of Mentha longifolia against ten microbial species through the disc diffusion assay using two different concentrations of 1 and 2 mg disc1 . All extracts from Mentha longifolia showed different ranges of antimicrobial activities. Butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed inhibitory activities against all microbial species. Methanol fraction showed inhibitory effects against all the tested microbial species except Salmonella typhi. Salmonella typhi was also not controlled by methanol, petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracted samples. The most susceptible gram positive bacteria was Bacillus atropheus and Bacillus subtilis and were inhibited by all extracts and Staphylococus aureus was least susceptible among gram positive bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most susceptible gram negative bacterium and Salmonella typhi was highly resistant among the gram negative bacteria. Erwinia carotovora and Agrobacterium tumefaciene were susceptible to all fractions. All fractions showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans except water extracted samples. Tue, 29 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/16466 2014-07-29T00:00:00Z