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Study of Vitamin D deficiency and contributing factors in the population of Hyderabad, Pakistan

Sat, 25 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Study of Vitamin D deficiency and contributing factors in the population of Hyderabad, Pakistan Authors: Kandhro, Farhatullah; Dahot, Muhammed Umar; Naqvi, Syed Habib Ahmed; Ujjan, Ikram Uddin Abstract: The study of vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency was intended to analyse the incidence and some contributing factors amid healthy individuals of different living standards in general population of Hyderabad and its adjacent areas. A total of 1244 healthy individuals (1-84 year of age) (females 725 (58.2%) and males 519 (41.8%)) were selected in this study and the concentration of Serum vitamin D (25-OHD), phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and calcium was analysed. The prevalence of vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency was 78.3%. The values <10ng/mL were noted as severe deficiency, 10-20ng/ml moderate and 21-29.9ng/ml as mild deficiency or insufficiency. The degrees of vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency amongst the healthy individuals were severe (17.2%), mild (18.8%) and moderate (42.3%). Vitamin D (25- OHD) was positively correlated with blood calcium profile whereas alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus correlated negatively. The study showed that vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency has a high prevalence in healthy subjects.

HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of sparfloxacin and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in eye drops

Fri, 24 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of sparfloxacin and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in eye drops Authors: Prakash, Katakam; Sireesha, Karanam R Abstract: A simple, sensitive liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of sparfloxacin and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Optimum separation was achieved in less than 10 min using a C18 column (250 mmx4.6 mm i.d, 5µ particle size) by isocratic elution. The mobile phase consisting of a mixture of mixed phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) was used. Column effluents were monitored at 224nm at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Retention times of sparfloxacin and dexamethasone sodium phosphate were 3.01 and 6.47 min respectively. The linearity of sparfloxacin and dexamethasone sodium phosphate was in the range of 3-18µg/ml and 1-6µg/ml respectively. Developed method was economical because, the time taken and amount of solvent consumed for each analysis was less. The method was validated and was applied to the simultaneous determination of sparfloxacin and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.

Understanding impact of pre-dissolved polymers on dissolution behavior of soluble carbamazepine cocrystal

Thu, 23 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Understanding impact of pre-dissolved polymers on dissolution behavior of soluble carbamazepine cocrystal Authors: Ullah, Majeed; Khan, Saeed Ahmad; Shah, Syed Majid; Rabbani, Imran; Sadozai, Sajid Khan; Abbas, Naseer; Bin Asad, Muhammad Hasham Hassan; Badshah, Munair; Hasan, Syed Mohammad Farid; Hussain, Izhar Abstract: Cocrystallization is a novel approach for tackling the lower solubility concerns when they can yield solution concentration a lot better than their corresponding parent drug in crystalline form. To get the actual solubility and dissolution gains offered by the cocrystals, phase changes in solution (dissolution) has to be interrupted. In current study, we selected commonly used polymers in order to study their effects on the super saturation of carbamezepine-succinic acid (CBZ-SUC) cocrystal during dissolution studies. To observe solid phase changes during dissolution in situ Raman spectroscopy was used. At the completion of each test the solid phase was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-Ray diffractometry. In polymers absence, no dissolution improvement was achieved by the cocrystal owing to its quick transformation to the stable carbamazepine dihydrate (CBZDH). Pre-dissolved PVP at 2% w/v concentration did not inhibit CBZ crystallization as a dihydrate, whereas at 0.025% w/v pre-dissolved hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) did stabilize the cocrystal in buffer solution (pH 6.8) for the course of time studied. This cocrystal stabilization resulted in enhanced CBZ solubility ( ̴ 4fold) caused by cocrystal super saturation state. Seeding of this stable supersaturated state with 1% w/v CBZDH resulted in CBZ crystallization as dihydrate with ultimate loss of solubility advantage.

Testicular toxicity of orally administrated bisphenol A in rats and protective role of taurine and curcumin

Wed, 22 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Testicular toxicity of orally administrated bisphenol A in rats and protective role of taurine and curcumin Authors: Kalender, Suna; Apaydin, Fatma Gokce; Kalender, Yusuf Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical widely used in the world. Curcumin, the yellow bioactive compound of turmeric has demonstrated its antioxidant activities. Taurine is a low-molecular weight organic compound in living organisms. The present study was aimed to investigate the adverse effects of BPA and its protection by taurine and curcumin. Oral BPA, curcumin and taurine administration in adult male rats at 130mg/kg bw, 100mg/kg bw and 100mg/kg bw, respectively for four weeks. Pathology and oxidative damages were investigated. The results show that BPA increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] in testes of rats compared to the control group. Co-treatment with curcumin or taurine with BPA led to reduce in MDA and increased GPx, GST, CAT, SOD activities compared to BPA group. Furthermore, while some pathological findings were observed in testis tissues in BPA treated group, less histopathological findings were shown in BPA plus curcumin and/or taurine treated groups. Consequently, curcumin and taurine significantly protect BPA induced testicular damage in rats.