http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/17341 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 03:10:10 GMT 2026-04-07T03:10:10Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18744 Title: INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED Authors: Aumbrin Tabasam; Safdar Ali; Rifat Hayat' Abstract: Sustainable agriculture in Pakistan would not only be the management and conservation of the natural resource base, but also helpful in rehabilitating the depleted soil fertility, which can be achieved by tapping and coordinating all resources of plant nutrients judiciously and efficiently. There is no alternative to the use of optimum quantity of plant nutrients for increased production. Organic manures have been used for generations for this purpose. Use of chemical fertilizers is relatively recent. Each source has an important role to play and no single source can substitute the other. Integrated use of all sources needs urgent attention. Field trial was conducted on farmer's field in Faieh Jang. The field were divided Into three equal parts. During summer, the main treatments were fallow, farmyard manure (FYM) @ 20 t/ha and mungbean as Ni fixed. in the following winter season, wheat was planted with four combinations of nitrogen (N) and recommended rates of phosphorus (P) as sub treatments on the same field. N2 fixation in mungbean was assessed by Xylem Solute technique. The effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on soil nitrate-N was significant. Overall; the interaction of FYM with 80-0 NP kg ha'1 was the most significant In its impact on the soil nitrate-N level. The various treatments did not affect significantly on the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil. However, TOC contents were higher with the application of Mungbean along with 80-40 NP kg ha*'. The plant height was not significantly effected by any of the treatments. Wheat biomass yield was significantly affected by the sub-treatments. Highest biomass yield was obtained under Mungbean with 80-0 NP kg ha' and lowest under Fallow with 0-0 NP kg ha"' ■ The treatments caused a significant increase in the grain yield of wheat. The effects of FYM and Mungbean were similar whereas, among the subtreatments 80-40 NP kg ha~' gave the highest grain yield. There was no significant effect of various treatments on grain N-content, Highest grain N-content was recorded with FYM. Among the sub-treatments 80-0 NP kg ha'1 resulted in the highest N- content. Thus a treatment combination of FYM with 80-0 NP kg ha' was the best. Application of FYM caused 8% increase in P-content when compared with that of Fallow. Among the subtreatments 0-0 NP kg har' gave the highest value, but statistically they were nonsignificant. Sat, 09 Feb 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18744 2002-02-09T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18743 Title: SALT-AFFECTED SOILS: OPTIONS FOR REHABILITATION Authors: Muhammad Astam Abstract: Salt-affected sous are common in countries situated in arid and semi-arid regions, and seasonally dry tropical climates. Pakistan is situated in the same region. Economic use of salt-affected land has a special relevance to Pakistan where heavy pressure is on its natural resources because of increasing population, and where about 6.8 million hectares are salt affected Of which only 3.16 million hectares are within canal command Country experiences huge recurring losses because of reduction in yield due to soil saanization and water-logging as well as of its SI effects in terms of deteriorated social hfe. According to an estimate the reduction in yield on moderately salt-affected soils for various cereal and cash crops is 60-70% causing a toss of about one billion SUSper annum. An expenditure of over 90 billion rupees (approximately 3 billion SUS) has been incurred to control water-logging and salinity through large engineering projects, yet the problem is still existing while scarcity of fresh water has further aggravated the situation. Reclamation of sab-affected land not existing in the canal command is out of question. Where as in the other cases, it is expensive. Rehabilitation of these adverse soils through site-specific reclamatory/managerial approach is discussed. It is worth mentioning that integrated approach of irrigation and drainage management and saline agriculture is required to combat against the problems of salinity/so/Ucity in order to meet the challenges of heavy pressure on natural resources for livelihood and to alleviate poverty of the farming community; a consequence of land degradation. Fri, 08 Feb 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18743 2002-02-08T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18742 Title: SALINITY TOLERANCE OF RICE AS AFFECTED BY BORON NUTRITION Authors: M. Aslam; l.H. Mahmood; R.H. Qureshi; S. Nawaz; J. Akktar Abstract: The effect of boron on the yield and ionic composition of rice cultivars having differential salt tolerance, grown in artificially prepared saline (ECi 9 dS m'1 ; SAR 5.5) and saline-sodic soils (EC, 9 dS m'; SAR 28.2) was investigated. The cultivars were: KS282 (salt tolerant), IR-28 (salt sensitive) and BG 402-4 (mixed behaviour). Recommended dose of N, P and K was applied with and without B @ 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 kg ha-'. The cultivars were allowed to grow up to maturity. Before panicle initiation, the top three leaves from mother shoot of each plant were collected and processed for analysis. The results revealed an ameliorative effect of B supply to salt affected soils in enhancing yield and growth of rice regardless of their salinity tolerance. Although the ameliorative effect on paddy and straw yield and paddy:straw ratio was recorded at all external B supplies compared with control, the highest improvement was recorded at 1.5 kg B ha' in the saline and saline sodic soils. Nevertheless, the highest B supply @ 6 kg B ha'' had shown an adverse affect on paddy and straw production in saline-sodic soils in alt the cultivars compared with alt the other B rates and control. The overall yields, in all the cultivars, were higher in saline than saline sodic soils. The leaf Na and Cl concentrations were the lowest, whereas K:Na was the highest in all rices in saline and saline sodic soils because of B application ® 1.5 kg B ha'1 . Although the absolute paddy yield was the highest in KS-282 both in saline and saline sodic soils, the ratio of improvement in paddy yield was the highest in both the soils in the case of IR-28 (the salt- sensitive cultlvar). Similarly, the spike sterility was minimum in all cultivars in both the soils at 1.5 kg B ha'. The investigations clearly demonstrate the beneficial effect of B ® 1.5 kg B ha' for improving paddy production from adverse lands Thu, 07 Feb 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18742 2002-02-07T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18741 Title: GROWTH RESPONSE AND LEAF COMPOSITION OF SELECTED EUCALYPTUS SPECIES EXPOSED TO SALINE AND HYPOXIC STRESS Authors: M. Aslam; M. Nasim; R.H. Qureshi; S. Nawaz; J- Akhtar; Z. Ahmad Abstract: A solution culture study on selected Eucalyptus species (E. occidentalis, E. tereticornis, E. camaldulensls-var. Silverton, and E. camaldulensis-Local) was conducted under saline and hypoxic conditions to determine the effect of treatments on growth and leaf composition. The treatments were non-saline, aerobic (control), saline aerobic (ISO mol m ! NaCl) and saline + hypoxic. Solutions in case of nonsaline aerobic and saline aerobic were aerated continuously while hypoxia was induced by surface sealing (oxygen concentration 2-3 ppm). Twenty five days after salinity I hypoxic stress, plants were harvested. Salinity negatively affected all the growth parameters (plant height, stem thickness, and root and shoot fresh weights) and the effect was further aggravated when it was associated with water logging. Among the species E. camaldulensis-Local and E. camaldulensis-var. Silverton were found better under saline conditions and E. camaldulensis-Local under saline hypoxic conditions. Young leaves of all the species had lower concentrations of Na and Cl as compared to old leaves, and concentrations of Na and Cl in the leaves of both categories were the highest under saline hypoxic conditions followed by saline treatment. Potassium:sodium ratio was better in the young leaves of alt the species compared to fully exposed old leaves, and the ratio was better also under favourable conditions. From amongst the species, E. camaldulensis-Local had low Na and better K:Na ratio in its leaves. Mean rate of growth measured as coefficient of shoot elongation (CSE) was the lowest in E. tereticornis whereas, all the other species had almost similar values of CSE. Nevertheless, the absolute mean shoot fresh weight was the highest and significantly superior to all the species in E. camaldulensis-Local. Wed, 06 Feb 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/18741 2002-02-06T00:00:00Z