http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19278 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:17:25 GMT 2026-04-23T00:17:25Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19942 Title: PROPERTY OF NOVEL SODIUM ION EXCHANGER LI₁.₄CR₀.₂AL₀.₂TI₁.₆(PO₄)₃ Authors: JIAN- ZHI SUN Abstract: A novel sodium specific kind of ion exchanger LI₁.₄CR₀.₂AL₀.₂TI₁.₆(PO₄)₃ fabricated by a solid-state reaction method. The microstructure XRD, FTIR, Raman spectra, adsorption performances were investigated. The average grain size of the samples was about 70~90 μm. FTIR and Raman spectra studies were carried out and the vibrational bands were assigned. XRD analysis showed that the structure of LI₁.₄CR₀.₂AL₀.₂TI₁.₆(PO₄)₃ convert to Na1.4CR₀.₂AL₀.₂TI₁.₆(PO₄)₃after adsorption. The exchange capacity reaches 34.12 mg/g, under adsorption duration 12 h, temperature 50 C. The experimental results showed that the Na/Li ion exchange reaction rate increased obviously forLI₁.₄CR₀.₂AL₀.₂TI₁.₆(PO₄)₃ with increasing temperature, and the Na/Li ion exchange kinetics process of LI₁.₄CR₀.₂AL₀.₂TI₁.₆(PO₄)₃ in lithium chloride solution could be represented approximately by the equation of JMAK. Wed, 04 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19942 2010-08-04T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19938 Title: Naturally Occurring Antifungal Aromatic Esters and Amides Authors: MUHAMMAD SHAIQ ALI; SHAHNAZ; SOBIA TABASSUM; MUHAMMAD KASHIF PERVEZ; ISIAKA AJANI OGUNWANDE; OLADOSU ADEBAYO IBRAHIM Abstract: During the search of antifungal natural products from terrestrial plants, a new long chained aromatic ester named grandiflorate (1) along with spatazoate (2) from Portulaca grandiflora and N-[2-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl]-trans-cinnamide (3) and aegeline (4) from Solanum erianthum of Nigeria were isolated and tested against six fungal species. The known constituents 2-4 have not been reported so far from mentioned investigated plants. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques including two dimensional NMR experiments. Among the compounds 1-4, the esters (1-2) found more potent than amides (3-4) against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. The new compound grandiflorate (1) gave response against all tested fungal species while aegeline (4) was found to give lowest inhibition during this study. Fri, 20 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19938 2010-08-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19937 Title: Review on Properties, Dispersion and Toxicology of Carbon Nanotubes Authors: KHALID SAEED Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the most intensely studied nanostructures because of their unique properties. There are two types of carbon nanotubes CNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), prepared by chemical-vapour deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical-vapour deposition, thermal chemical vapour deposition, Vapour phase growth, Arc discharge and Lasser ablation. Both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) possess high mechanical and electrical conductivity, ultra-light weight, high aspect ratio and have excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. They also possess semi- and metallic-conductive properties depending upon their chirality. This review focuses on progress toward functionalization (not only dispersed nanotube but also dramatically improve their solubility), preparation and purification, composites and the toxicity of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The functional groups attached to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) should react with polymers and improve the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has significant application in pharmaceutical field such as drug delivery and nanomedicine, but the available literature also suggests that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may have unusual toxicity and have more adverse effects than the same mass of nano size carbon and quartz. Fri, 20 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19937 2010-08-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19936 Title: Strategies for Low-Cost Water Defluoridation of Drinking Water-A Review of Progress Authors: AMIR HAIDER MALIK; SADIA NASREEN; QAISAR MAHMOOD; ZAHID MAHMOOD KHAN; RIZWANA SARWAR; GHULAM JILANI; AFSAR KHAN Abstract: One of the biggest challenges of 21st century is to ensure safe drinking water-supplies and environmental sanitation which are vital for protecting the environment, improving health and alleviating poverty. Natural contamination of groundwater sources by fluoride, arsenic and dissolved salts is the main health menace at present in many parts of Pakistan and other countries. Most of the fluoride in drinking water, either occurring naturally or added will be in the form of the free fluoride ion. It is a big challenge to investigate appropriate, low cost methods and technologies to be applied in developing countries to make fluoride contaminated water drinkable. In this paper low cost fluoride removal methods have been discussed and compared for application in developing countries. Fri, 20 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/19936 2010-08-20T00:00:00Z