PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON VIBURNUM GRANDIFLORUM

Abstract

This dissertation consists of phytochemical and biological studies of the medicinal plant Viburnum grandiflorum, which has been investigated for the first time for their phytochemical constituents. Three new compounds; grandino 5, 8 peroxide (259), grandinoid (263), grandifloruside (266) from the aerial parts and three compounds; viburnoside (268), grandiflorinol (274) and grandifloronin (275) isolated from the roots of V.grandiflorum. Ten hitherto unreported compounds; betulinic acid (257), ursolic acid (107), β- sitosterol (258), oleanolic acid (138), stigmasterol (260), β-sitosterol 3-O- β-D- glucopyranoside (261), benzofuran derivative (262), betulin (264), p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (229), 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzoic acid; 3,5 dimethyl ether 4-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (265) from the aerial parts while six compounds; ethyl gallate (267), pentadecyl 3, 4-dihydroxy butanoate (269), cedrusin (270), koaburaside (271), (+) syringaresinol (272) and secoisolariciresinol (273) were isolated from roots of V. grandiflorum. A cerimide class compound viburnoside (268), has reported first time from this genus. Advanced and sophisticated spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of compounds i.e. EI-MS, ESI-MS, UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR (BB and DEPT), HMBC, HSQC, NOESY, COSY and TOCSY. The crude ethanolic extracts, fractions and pure compounds were evaluated for their biological potentials. The crude ethanolic extracts and subsequent fractions (aerial parts and roots) showed significant antibacterial activity and exhibited moderate antifungal activity, while oils from the aerial parts found effective against A. flavus and M. canis. The fractions and oils (aerial parts) investigated for their phytotoxic activity which indicated significant phytotoxic activity except n-hexane fraction of aerial parts and ethyl acetate fraction of roots at low dose, while both samples of oils showed good phytotoxic activity. All fractions of aerial parts and roots exhibited significant insecticidal activity against the R. dominica, and C. analis except n-hexane fraction of roots. Both the tested oil samples showed moderate antileishmanicidal activity. The xanthine oxidase inhibition effect of the tested compound 262 was found moderate against the positive control (Allupurinol). The crude ethanolic extract (aerial parts) and compound 270 tested for their antinociceptive properties, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-inflammatory effects, sedative effect, muscle relaxant effect and anticonvulsant effects and found active in the antinociceptive activity, moderate anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Both samples showed mild muscle relaxant effects. It is concluded that roots and aerial parts of V. grandiflorum can be safely used as antifungal especially against M. canis and Fusarium species. Beside the antifungal action the plant is a potential source of insects and weeds control. The roots of V. grandiflorum can also be used safely for the treatment of pain and inflammation.