Antimicrobial Evaluation of Sulfa-Drug Conjugated Metal Nonoparticles

Abstract

This Ph.D. dissertation mainly focuses on the synthesis of various silver, gold and iron nanoparticles coated with commercially available drugs and compounds having sulfur group in their skeleton. These nanoparticles were investigated for their photophysical and biological applications. Cephradine coated silver nanoparticle were synthesized and their antibacterial effect against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains was evaluated. Fluconazole coated silver nanoparticles were synthesized and their selective interaction with amoxicillin was analyzed. Furthermore, their antibacterial effect was investigated against S. aureus which was used as a model strain for studying combine effect of amoxicillin on the bactericidal efficiency of fluconazole coated silver nanoparticles. Conjugation of silver with fluconazole enhanced the antifungal effect of resultant nanoparticles against fungi. These nanoparticles displayed synergistic effect in the presence of nystatin against fungal strains. We evaluated the detrimental effect of nanoclusters and nanoparticles stabilized by 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid against biofilm of S. aureus and S. mutans. Results indicates that conjugation of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid with gold increases the antibiofilm potency against both strains. In comparison with nanoparticles, nanoclusters were found to be more potent. These nanoparticles were also utilized for sensing of pefloxacin mesylate. Tyrosine coated silver nanoparticles were synthesized and the nanoparticles showed selective recognition of chromate ion. Synthesis of metaxylylene diamine coated gold nanoparticles was performed and the synthesized nanoparticles were utilized as a sensor for Fe+3 ion. 2-Mercaptopropionyl glycine coated gold nanoparticle were synthesized and their signal transduction capability against pefloxacin mesylate was explored. Green synthetic protocol was used for the formulation of rutin coated gold and silver nanoparticles, and their antibiofilm potency against E. coli was evaluated by utilizing thirteen different drugs. The antibiofilm capability of devised nanoparticles was estimated. Synthesis of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles was performed and nanoparticle surface modification was done by grafting aminopropylsilane groups followed by coating of lactose and mannose functional moieties. These nanoparticles were employed for extraction of bacteria.