Scope of Electric Power Generation by Solar Radiations in Pakistan

Abstract

Pakistan is an energy deficient country, where a large fraction of the population still does not have access to modern day energy services such as electricity. This is due to very limited fossil fuel resources and poor economy, which restrains the import of fossil fuels on a large scale. To overcome energy shortage, Pakistan needs to develop its indigenous energy resources like hydropower, solar and wind. Pakistan lies in an area of one of the highest solar insulation in the world. This vast potential can be exploited to produce electricity, which could be provided to off-grid communities in the northern hilly areas and the southern and western deserts. Applications other than electricity production such as solar water heaters and solar cookers have also vast applications. All this will help in both reducing the import of fossil fuels and dependency of people on fuel wood, which in turn will provide some respite for the dwindling forest reserves of Pakistan. Accordingly, the status and outlook of solar energy use in Pakistan is discussed. In addition, the role of Rand D organizations in the promotion of solar energy technologies in Pakistan is also presented including a description of some proposed projects. It is concluded that the current infrastructure has not been able to advance the status of solar energy in Pakistan. Significant efforts are needed to effectively utilize this cheap renewable energy source. Solar power is a term that refers to several alternative sources of energy by which sun-light is harnessed to do useful work for mankind. People know that it is energy since the same alone implies this but man people think it is expensive and not a preferred method of producing energy. We need to find out how cost effective it is how useful solar power technologies involves the use of photovoltaic cells. Which is true to their name (Photo-light, Voltaic-electricity), converts sunlight directly when light strikes the photovoltaic cell. When the energy breaks the bound between electrons and the semiconductor atoms this allows the electrons to flow freely. Photovoltaic cells can have one or many electric fields that force electrons to glow in a certain direction. The glow on electrons is called current and by placing metal contacts on top and bottom of the photovoltaic cell, we can then use that current externally. “HOW SOLAR CELL WORK” it is the development of photovoltaic cell started by Becquerels discovery in 1839. The system and devices are developed during this work will prevent CO2, CO, NO and SO2 from entering the atmosphere and there by keeping the atmosphere clean from poisonous affects of these gases and harmful. In the absence of Carbon Dioxide in the solar energy usage is helpful in eliminating green house effect. The main and important point of solar electricity is that it is free from pollution.