Atmospheric AND WATER POLLUTION STUDIES OF THE URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS OF PAKISTAN.

Abstract

Industrialisation of a country is a symbol of dQvelopment, more are the industries in a country, more developed it is. 1hese industries are being installed near big cities etc and du8 to these industries there is likely to be some changes in environmnent. Many probl erns are created due to this change and the major problem is of pollution of air and water.

Water is said to ,_ e polluted when its eompo si tion ar condition or both is altered making it unsui?able or less suitable for the purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural st??e. Water pollution includ?s not only physical and chemical changes 1· ut also biological properties of water, making it harmful to pu' lie heal th, domestic use, eommercial, industrial, agriqulture, recreational or other uses of water or liue stock, wild life, fish or other aquatic life. Water pollution is caused by many ways. It may be accidental but it is mainly caused due to uncontrolled disposal of sewagJ and other liquid wastes from domestic use, , · industrial wastes, drainage of irrigation water and Lrrban run off etc. The disposal of was e water is becoming serious problem in main ur! an cities of Pakistan. ---.. The purpose of present investigation was to estimate ··quanti tati vel ythe chemical pollutant and its possible causes for drinking waters, river waters -and industrialwaste water in NNFP Pakistan. The drinking water which was studieed was from the districts of Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat, Bannu and D.I.Khan. The industrial waste water was from Nowshera industrial area and river water was ta?en from River Kabul into which the industrial wastes of Nowshera are dro?ped.

Various analytical techniqueswere applied for this investigation. These include palarography, atomi c asbo rp t.Lon spectrophotometry, Flame photometry, and other techniques for the measurements of various parameters like D.O,B.O.D,C.O?D, Na,K,Ca,Fe,Mg,Ni,Cu,Zn,pH, turbidity alkalinity and so-on. The industrial waste wer,' studied for pollution from the origin and from various location of the waste stream on their path to the river, to show the various chemicals di.s cb ar+cd by the indust:r.ies andto get the change in it upto the river. The Kat·ul River samples were studd e-d from the river bank and from the middle of the river at a depth of th?ee mrt?rs The samples were co Ll e ct.ed wh sn the .ri vorwa s in normal pace i.c there was no flood situation and no rainy season. The results o rrt ai n ad dur i.nq this