Studies on the Nature and Application of Fungi and Bacteria Controlling Insect Pests of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

The diversity of relationship between fungi bacteria and insects presents unlimited opportunities for studying antagonistic fungi and bacteria causing mortality in insects by producing disease and toxins which are detrimental to insect life can be used to control harmful insects Fungal and bacterial parasitism has been used effectively for controlling the agricultural pests all over the world. Its applications has great advantage, like ineffectivity of synthetic insecticide can be controlled by using entomogenous. Fungi and bacteria from different localities of Azad Kashmir were collected and their insecticidal properties were searched out. Total 40 species of fungi and two bacterial species were tested for their insecticidal habits on maize stem borer (Chilo parthelus). These species were tested for their insecticidal habits on borer (Chilo parthelus). These species were Asperigillus clavatus, A. fumigatus, A. fischeri, A. ruber, A. unguis, A. sydowi, A. versicolor, A. flavipes, A.ustus, A. terries, A. niger, A. wentii, A.flavus, A. Bisporus, A.candidus, A. oryae, A.ochraceous, A.giganteus, A.tamarii, A. lucheunsis, penicillium chrysogenum, P. expensum, P.viridicatum, P. commune, P.soltium, P.roquefortii, Paecilomyces elegans, P.carnes, P.varioti, P.flavescens, P. fumoso-roseus, Metarrhizium anisopliae, M. brunneum, Venturia inequalis, Helminthosporium maydis, Alternaria tenussima, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Colletotrichum capsica, Diplodia maydis, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus Eleven species Aspergillus flavus, A. Fumigatus, A.oryzae, A. candidus, A.bisporus, A. tamarii, Metarrhizium anisopliae, M.brunneum, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis and B.sphaericus caused mortality in larvae, pupae, dewaxed pupae and adult of maize stem borer( Chilo partellus). Eight Species of insects were collected from natural conditions and their susceptibility was measured for all the described species of fungi and bacteria. Five species of insects were Trporhiza incertula T. innotata Cydia pomonella, pieris brassicae, and Mythimna seperata showed susceptibility to A. flavus, A. Fumigatus, A.oryzae, A. candidus, A.bisporus, A. tamarii, Metarrhizium anisopliae, M.brunneum, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis and B.sphaericus. Food substrates of fungi and bacteria were also used against maize stem borer. Nine fungi and two bacterial species herein described gave positive results. Field trials of Fungi and Bacteria were also performed against maize stem borer.