Virological, Serological and Electron Microscopic Studies on Hepatitis in Rawalpindi and Islamabad Area

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is one of the most important public health problems especially in the tropical countries, it has variable morbidity mortality and different geographical areas and ethic and social groups in different areas. The present study was under taken to find out the prevalence of HB0. Ag in the urban and rural communities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad areas. Three main groups studied were as follows: 1. Patients suffering from Evert disease clinically compatible with the diagnosis of viral hepatitis and carraborated by the biochemical test such as Billrubin, Trasmmanissa Alkallne Phosphatee and thymal turbidity, serum air ratio. The patients were mainly from those attending the out patients of central Government Hospital Rawalpindi. Central Government polyclinic Islamabad and also district headquarter and Holy family hospital Rawalpindi. The pertinent clinical and laboratory Dta were recorded on a Performa specially designed for this purpose. 2. The patients suspected of liver disease but with normal liver function tests from the above sources. 3. Rural Studies: A village tarial Kalan which is 14 killometers from Rawalpindi and about 9 killometers from National Health Laboratories was selected for this purpose. The population is totally old settlars and local inhabitants of patohar and belong to some ethnic and social group. Nearly all are muslims, nutrition survey term of National Health Laboratories has divided this village in six sectors. A, B, C, D, E and F, each house has been randomly selected. The population is about 300 and consist of 520 houses. There is inadequate sanitary system in the village, as is the water supply scheme. People get water from the walls with bucket and role to meet all their needs. A pre-school child unit dispensary is serving the patients. (field research activities is defected in fig. 1 to 6) recently into grated rural development authority has established a free dispensary neat the village. There are 600 students in boys’ school for ladies have also been established. Actually this is a farm area. There are a number of poultry to Rawalpindi/ Islamabad cities. It is also a source of fresh vegetables for the cities. Study of the presence of hospitals B antigen in different house hold and their contacts has been started in this community. Capillary blood samples were obtained from the persons who refused to give venous blood. Presence of HBo Ag was detected by CICP in the patients and normal population from rural areas.