DEMAND RESPONSE PROGRAMS FOR GRID MAINTENANCE AND PLANNING IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Demand Response (DR) Spinning Reserve can be a critical arsenal in future planning and maintenance of Electricity Grid. DR can provide Active Power Balancing when dealing with contingencies that cause a sudden drop in electricity. An extreme form of DR is ‗Load-Management‘ which is frequently executed in Pakistan to balance supply and demand. These measures, however, can create an excess of Reactive Power in the system due to Ferranti Effect and can cause Bus OverVoltages in High-Voltage Transmission Systems, a phenomenon that must be catered to preserve system stability. This paper explores this phenomenon by conducting Load Flow studies and sensitivity analysis on IEEE systems. We present an in-depth analysis of the effects of DR Load Magnitude, Location and Power Factor on the Bus Voltages, relevant to grid planning in emerging markets.