The effects of aspirin gel and mouthwash on levels of salivary biomarkers PGE2, TNF-α and nitric oxide in patients with periodontal diseases

Abstract

Inflammation and its mediators have an important role in gingivitis and periodontitis. Prostaglandin is one of the eicosanoid involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases. Aspirin irreversibly acetylates cyclooxygenase and inactivate this enzyme responsible for the production of PGE2 that mediates pain and inflammation. The aim of the study was to prepare aspirin gel and mouthwash in 1% concentration and use it in patients with periodontal diseases during the non-surgical periodontal treatment and to assess its anti-inflammatory effects on salivary biomarkers PGE2, TNF-α, and nitric oxide. Thirty patients were divided into three treatment groups, standard treatment group, second received scaling and root planning with gel application of 1% aspirin, third received scaling and root planning followed by rinsing with 1% aspirin mouthwash. Results indicated that the levels of PGE2, TNF-α and nitric oxide in the groups of patients received gel treatment and mouthwash treatment was decreased to significant levels (p≤ 0.001) as compared to the group of standard treatment. Aspirin gel was found to be more effective in reducing inflammatory biomarkers in contrast to aspirin mouthwash (p≤0.001). We concluded from our study, that low concentration of aspirin oral preparations are highly active in reducing the inflammatory biomarkers associated with periodontal diseases.