In vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity of Saussurea heteromalla indigenous to Pakistan

Abstract

Medicinal plants are proven to reveal vast promising potential providing novel drug candidates to combat health-related problems. The aim of current study is to discover new drug compounds with anti-anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal potential, to serve the purpose Saussurea heteromalla (Family: Asteraceae) indigenous to Pakistan was screened for the in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (Human cervical cancer cell line) compared to the NIH / 3T3 cells (mouse normal fibroblast cells) by performing the MTT colorimetric assay and antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant potential by adopting standard protocols. S. heteromalla crude methanolic extract (CME) demonstrated strong cytotoxic potential against HeLa cells at 200µg/mL; (77.28 ±1.53% kill; IC50: 62.13µg/mL) compared to standard doxorubicin (95.90% kill; IC50: 0.2µg/mL). Inhibitory Zone of the extract at concentrations (30, 60, 90µg/mL) against Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marecescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Strptotropomonas maltophilia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata was measured. Manifestation of intensified results against Gram-negative Serratia marecescens qualifies the S. heteromalla extract as a considerable source of narrow spectrum antibiotic. However, antifungal activity against C. albicans was found to be logical. Antioxidant potential was determined through DPPH assay which declared no notable antioxidant effects. To the best of our knowledge this is first research and report on above mentioned biological studies of S. heteromalla.