Protective role of Avena fatua against drug-induced liver toxicity

Abstract

The study was conducted to examine the protective potential of ethanol seed extract (ESEt) of Avena fatua (wild oats) against antituberculosis drug (ATD)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Four groups of rats (n=6) were used. Of which, three groups were given ATD (Rimstar 900mg/15kg) and divided them into hepatotoxic control (distilled water 1mL/kg), positive control (silymarin 200mg/kg) and test group (ESEt 800mg/kg). The fourth was the normal control group treated only with distilled water (1mL/kg). All treatments were orally administered in their respective groups for 26 days. On the 27thday, rats were decapitated. Body and liver weights were measured whereas serum and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological assessments. The rats treated with silymarin and ESEt showed a significant decrease (p<0.05, 0.01& 0.0001) in liver enzymes including alanine & aspartate transaminases, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. ESEt also improved total bilirubin (particularly indirect bilirubin), total protein, albumin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in test group. The hepatoprotective ability of extract was also evident by histological study of liver tissues of the test group that showed normal architecture as compared to liver of ATD treated hepatotoxic control group displayed heterogeneous hepatocytes, inflamed central vein, fatty deposits, enlarged sinusoid, Kupffer’s cells infiltration, hypertrophy and fibrosis. In conclusion, ESEt of A.fatua is hepatoprotective in nature which may be due to the presence of total phenols and flavonoids already reported from the seeds of this plant