COMMUNITIES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN MEDICINAL PLANT WITHANIA SOMNIFERA

Abstract

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is known to possess medicinal properties. Medicinal plants harbour endophytic mycoflora. Only a few plants have been studied for their endophyte biodiversity and their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. There is a need to understand the biodiversity of endophytic fungi and their potential of producing novel compounds of medicinal importance. A total of 643 segments (202 leaf, 391 stem, and 50 root samples) from 20 different plants were screened for their endophytic mycoflora. Thirty-three fungal strains of 24 species have been isolated, four belonged to the class Ascomycetes and 20 to class Deuteromycetes. The highest species richness as well as frequency of colonization was in stem; with the exception of Aspergillus niger, A. terreus and A. alternata, all the other fungi were found to be organ-specific. In this study most dominant endophyte was found to be A. alternata. Overall colonization frequency was measured as 14.15%. Many of the pharmaceutical compounds produced by medicinal plants are reportedly produced by their endophytic fungi. Hence, it is important to study medicinal plants for their endophytic mycoflora for biodiversity and then to determine their medicinal properties. The present work was therefore initiated to study the endophytic fungal population in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal., a commonly used medicinal plant in the subcontinent.