The Geology and Palaeo-Environments of the Khewra Formation, an Oil Reservoir, exposed, in the Salt Range, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

This book provides an excellent example of the geological field observations supported by the laboratory investigations. The lithology, types of bedding, the colour of the beds observed in the field, thickness of the beds and the units, measured in the field can be used to estimate the oil reserves in a Unit or in a Formation. The laboratory investigations, using sieves for the grain size analyses and the petrographic studies in thin sections under microscope further support the field observations and help in the interpretation of the particle shape, diagenetic changes and types of porosity. The X-ray diffraction studies help in recognizing the fine grained clay minerals and oxides of iron, generally found as cementing materials in most of these sandstones and siltstones. The information about the cementing materials is highly useful in conducting the acid jobs in a defined reservoir rock drilled in an oil well. The types of the clays and clay minerals also help to predict the shallowing or deepening of a depositional Basin. This book is based on the Final Technical Report No-C-PMNH EARTH (30) on Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Cambrian Formations in Salt Range, Volume-1 (Khewra Sandstone) Submitted by Dr. Syed Rafiqul Hassan Baqri, Princial Investigator / Director Earth Sciences Division, PMNH, to Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF).