Use of Balck Seed (Nigella Sativa L.) Oil to Manage the Hypertensive and Hyperlipidemic Individuals of District Muzzaffarabad

Abstract

The present studies first signify a survey on the traditional usage of different plants in the management of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes to screen out single best choice commonly practiced in folklore. The survey was carried out in district Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and recorded a number of plants and their different forms of formulations to manage these conditions. Seeds of Nigella sativa L. investigated to be applied most traditionally in above conditions. On the basis of above preliminary work N. sativa seeds oil was used clinically to manage the hypertensive, hyperlipidaemia and diabetic individuals. Sample of 240 patients were subjected to N. sativa treatments. Statistical analysis showed that N. sativa capable in correcting the hypertensive and metabolic disorders in comparison to standard and placebo treatments. It also had positive effects in maintaining optimal blood cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels. To identify the clinically active components within of N. sativa oil a series of metabolomic approaches were employed. Initially, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy was carried out on seeds of N1 and six other N. sativa lines (designated N2 through to N7) to determine the extent of biochemical variation within the 7 lines. Seeds, leaves and oils showed variations among different genotypes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the N1 and N7 oils indicated that in the latter monounsaturated fatty acid were much more predominant. Amplified Fragment Polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to link these biochemical differences might be the result of genetic variations among different genotypes. xviii Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were undertaken on extracts from the N1 and N7 oils which provided a comprehensive profile of the constituent fatty acids and other compositions. GC-MS analysis confirmed the extensive variation between N1 and N7 samples. N1 apparently lacked all of standard antihypertensive chemicals used but containing potentially novel chemicals which are currently undergoing structural elucidation. In the biological assays of N. sativa, antimicrobial activities were analyzed and recorded variable inhibitory effects within different solvent extracts. The antioxidant capacities was assessed of the seven N. sativa genotypes extracted in four solvents, the N1 sample extract showed superb activity followed by N2, N3 and N7. When these cultivars compared with some external standards these conferred high antioxidant activities. All seven lines of N. sativa were also characterized through agronomic studies which support the genotypic differences.