Phytochemical Investigation and Phytocosmetic Formulation Development of Berries from Solanaceae Family: In vitro in-vivo Characterization

Abstract

The current research work was initiated to study the phyto-chemical composition, antioxidant potential and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition capacity of berries of different species of Solanaceae family, Withania somnifera (WS) and Solanum nigrum (SN), in methanolic extract and fractions of various non-polar to polar solvents . The formulations were developed and their rheological characteristics, impact on solar protection factor (SPF) and various parameters were assessed on healthy human volunteers using Skin VisioFace® and Non-Invasive probes. The data were compared and correlated to examine the possible relationship between facial pores, skin elasticity and skin sebum. Skin elasticity by Cutometer and Elastometer and sebum by Sebumeter was correlated with number of fine and large facial pores. The total flavonoids contents present in WSEA (96.91 ± 1.56 µg QE mg-1 ) while total phenolics contents were quantified (178.45 ± 2.78 μg GAE mg-1 sample,.) and SNEA (89.58 ± 0.98 µg QE mg-1 sample and 120.15 ± 2.33 μg GAE mg-1 sample, resp.). HPLC-DAD analysis of ethyl acetate fractions of both plants (WSEA and SNEA) was performed and confirm the presence gallic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol and rutin. . The droplet size of fresh herbal cosmetic formulations F1 (WSEA) and F2 (SNEA) was found to be 2.04±0.577µm and 2.31±0.532µm with thixotropic value 16964±41 (D/cm2.s) and 16471±35 (D/cm2.s) respectively. The solar protection factor at optimum thixotropic values of both formulations F1 and F2 was 3.11±0.34 and 2.34±0.12 respectively. At accelerated stability conditions, there was a minute reduction in the formulation consistency due to decrease in viscosity and increase in droplet size. The herbal cosmetic good SPF was due to the presence of polyphenols, which shield the skin from harmful UV radiations. It was observed that phytoformulation demolished the total count/size of fine and large pores of each volunteer and also had pronounced effect on mechanical properties of skin, skin pigmentation and skin moisture contents. The formulations with natural phenolic compounds showed strong antioxidant activity with positive effect of various skin characters.