Bandwith Enhancement of Patch Antenna Through Various Methods for Satellite Communication

Abstract

The microstrip patch antennas have made a great progress in the last few decades as they have enormous advantages as compared to traditional antennas. These antennas have attractive features like the low profile, small dimensions, low volume, very light weight, economical, conformable to the planer and non-planer surfaces and easy to fabricate. They occupy a very small volume during installation. They are manufactured very inexpensively and easily using modern printed circuit technology. However, a few major limitations of these microstrip patch antennas (MSPA) include low gain, very low impedance bandwidth and low efficiency. The future patch antennas for 5G and satellite applications need to have a wide band, large gain and high efficiency due to the increased use of internet streaming. A novel MSPA, that includes the effect of parasitic patches, radiated fractal patch structure with the influence of defected ground structure (DGS) and air cavities in the material of the substrate for achieving both wide impedance bandwidth and high efficiency, is proposed in this research. The radiated patch element is excited by a coaxial feeding line. The antenna is designed on Preperm L450 (lossy) substrate material with permittivity 4.5 and with loss tangent 0.0005. It is observed that the proposed design of 18.6 × 10.4mm2 structure achieves a very encouraging performance of wide bandwidth, high gain, stable radiation and high efficiency in the given operating range of electromagnetic spectrum. The return loss of 44.81dB has been achieved at the centre frequency of 13.16GHz by the proposed broadband MSPA.𝑽𝑺𝑾𝑹 equals to 1.01 has been obtained at the centre frequency. The maximum radiation efficiency of 100% at the frequency of 13.35-14.11GHz and maximum total efficiency of 97.18% at the frequency of 13.5GHz has been achieved. The maximum gain of 7.03dBi has occurred at the frequency of 27GHz. The proposed design has obtained wide fractional bandwidth of 132.44%. This wide bandwidth of 17.43GHZ ranges from 12.7 to 30.13GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 2 in the entire operating band. These qualities of high gain, wider bandwidth and higher efficiency make the proposed novel antenna an excellent candidate to work in the 𝑲𝒖, 𝑲 and 𝑲𝒂-bands.