A Comparative Study of the Factors Influencing Sports in Public and Private Sectors Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan

Abstract

The main objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of internal as well as external factors, differences among demographic attributes of respondents and dig out the most dominant factor influencing university sport in public and private universities of KP, Pakistan. The researcher formulated 20 hypotheses to explore the objectives of the study. Male and female athletes and director sport of the public and private sector universities were taken as population. A representative sample of 20% was taken from both the male and female athletes whereas entire population comprising of 31 director sports from both the public and private sector universities were taken according to Gay (1985) formula. A representative sample of 702 was selected through convenient sampling technique in which male and female athletes were 671 and 31 director sport. A self-developed questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The process of validity, pilot testing, and reliability was made accordingly. The questionnaire was personally distributed among all the respondents. The total 85% returned responses were recorded (573 out of 702) among them, 546 were male and female athletes, and 27 directors sport. The returned responses were analyzed with help of SPSS version 20 and Micro soft Excel. In the first stage the researcher has used the descriptive statistics which indicated the frequencies, percentages, and mean of the responses. Secondly the researcher used inferential statistics to check the formulated hypotheses. The linear Regression was used to check the effect of independent variables upon dependent variable; t-test was used to check the difference between the demographics of the respondents and ANOVA was used to dig out the most dominant among the internal and external factors. On the bases of analyses of data, findings of the study were drawn. The data revealed that all the internal and external factors exist in both type of universities and they have significantly been affecting the university sport both in public and private sector universities of KP, Pakistan(P>0.05). However, the effects of the entire internal and external factors were found greater in private sector universities as compare to public sector universities. In respect of dominant factors among the internal and external factors, both in public and private sector universities, it was concluded that improper coaching and training facilities and academic engagement of the athletes were found the most dominant among the internal factors and family influence among external factors influencing sport in both public and private sector universities of KP, Pakistan. It is recommended that the concerned authorities may ensure the availability of all the facilities to the university athletes to enhance the participation of the students in sport activities at university level.