PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MILLETTIA OVALIFOLIA, INDIGOFERA HETERANTHA AND SELECTED CONIFERS

Abstract

The research work embodied in the present dissertation deals with isolation, characterization and evaluation of biological activities of Indigofera heterantha, Millettia ovalifolia, and selected conifers which are presented in five parts along with a brief review of the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, indigoferamide, indigoferate, indigoferone, millettio peroxide and sesquiterpene. PART- A Part A describes the phytochemical and biological evaluation of Indigofera heterantha (Wall). Three new and seven known compounds have been isolated from I. heterantha. Various experimental techniques and extensive spectroscopic studies were used for the isolation and structural elucidation of these compounds. Indigoferamide-A and indigoferate showed significant activity, against selected bacteria, while indigoferone exhibited high lipoxygenase activity. New Chemical Constituents  Indigoferamide-A (12)  Indigoferate (13)  Indigoferone (14) Known Chemical Constituents  Dotriacontanoic acid (15)  Formononetin (16)  Quercetin (17) ii Quercetin 3-α-L-fucopyranoside (18)  3,5,7-Trihydroxy-6,4’-dimethoxyflavon (19)  3,5,4 ́-Trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (20)  Norartocarpetin (21)  4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (22) PART- B Part B focused on isolation, purification, characterization and biological evaluation of the chemical constituents of Millettia ovalifolia. Millettioperoxide along with five known compounds have been isolated and characterized through physical characteristics and extensive spectroscopic studies. The new compound possessed high anti-bacterial activity. New Chemical Constituents  Millettioperoxide (23) Known Chemical Constituents  3,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (24)  (E)-Ethyl 13-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (25)  (E)-Methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (26)  N-Ethylacetamide (27)  Benzoic acid (28) iiiPART- C Part C deals with the isolation and characterization of the chemical constituents of Abies pindrow, which led to the isolation and structure elucidation of one new and four known chemical constituents. New Chemical Constituents  Abiespindrowpine (29) Known Chemical Constituents  β-Sitosterol (30)  β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31)  3β, 28-Dihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene (betulin) (32)  3β-Hydroxylup-20 (29)-ene-28-oic acid (betulinic acid) (33) PART- D Part D explains the isolation and characterization of phytochemical constituents of Pinus wallichiana. Four known compounds have been isolated and characterized. Known Chemical Constituents  β-Sitosterol (30)  β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31)  5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (34)  Oleanolic acid (35) ivPART- E Part E of the dissertation, described the isolation and structure elucidation of the chemical constituents of Piceae smithiana. Two known compounds have been isolated and characterized. Known Chemical Constituents  β-Sitosterol (30)  β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3