EFFECT OF ROCK PHOSPHATE COMPOSTED WITH ORGANIC MATERIALS ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF WHEAT AND MUNG BEAN CROPS

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of composts prepared from different organic materials with rock phosphate (RP) on yield and P uptake of wheat and their residual effect on mung bean crops during 2010-2011. Wheat variety saran with a seed rate of 100 kg ha-1 was grown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were 11 treatments, each of 3×5 m2 size. Composts prepared from RP fed FYM, simple FYM, organic waste and city garbage were applied at the rate based of their P concentrations. The composts were enriched with phosphorus by mixing different organic material with rock phosphate (RP). Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 120-90-60 kg ha-1 N, P and K, respectively in the form of urea, SSP or composts and K2SO4. Nitrogen was applied in three split applications whereas all P and K were applied at sowing time. Composts significantly (p≤0.05) increased grains, total dry matter, straw yield and 1000 grains weight of wheat over control. Significantly (p≤ 0.05) increased grains yield of 5274 Kg ha-1, total dry matter yield of 8533 Kg ha-1, straw yield of 3585 Kg ha-1 and thousand grains weight of 40.5 g of wheat were produced by the compost of organic waste and half dose of SSP. Residual effect of the prepared composts was determined on yield and plant P uptake of mung bean (Vigna radiate). The experiment was conducted in the same layout of wheat. Fertilizers N and K were applied at the rate of 30 and 60 kg ha-1, respectively in the form of urea and sulphate of potash. No P was added to this crop. Maximum and significantly (p≤0.05) higher mung bean grain yield, total dry matter yield and straw yield of 858 kg ha-1, 8167 kg ha-1 and 7309 kg ha-1, respectively were recorded by the residual effect of compost of RP fed dung with half dose of SSP. Thousand grains weight of 44 g was noted in the treatment of residual effect of compost of simple dung with half dose of SSP. Post harvest soil N and P concentrations improved with composts. Significant (p≤0.05) increases in N and P uptake by wheat and mung bean plants were observed with composts addition. Results suggest that the use of composts prepared from different organic materials with RP are economical, environmental friendly and have potential to improve crops yield and plants N and P uptakes.